Axonal Transport: The Intracellular Traffic of the Neuron

Grafstein, Bernice

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010119

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 279 publications

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“…SBP is concentrated in synaptosomes, in vesicles liberated from them in vitro , and in the secretory vesicles of 5-HT-secreting paraneurons (Barasch et al, 1987;Tamir et al, 1990;Cidon et al, 199 1). SBP is also subject to fast axonal transport as are other components of synaptic vesicles (Grafstein, 1977) and SBP is released from stimulated serotonergic neurons by exocytosis (Jonakait et al, 1979). The -45 kDa form ofSBP, moreover, forms a complex with 5-HT in synaptic vesicles in serotonergic nerve terminals in vivo (Gershon et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic properties of serotonergic growth cones in developing rat brain

1994

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In order to gain insight into the events that take place when serotonergic growth cones are remodeled into synapses, we tested the hypothesis that neurotransmitter-related properties of presynaptic terminals are already present in these growth cones before synaptogenesis begins. The ontogeny of markers for the specific reuptake of 5-HT and for 5-HT-storing synaptic vesicles was studied in isolated growth cone (IGC) fractions from developing rat brain. High- affinity 3H-imipramine binding (a marker for the plasma membrane 5-HT transporter) was significantly enriched in IGC fractions prepared before the beginning of cortical synaptogenesis [embryonic day 15 (E15) and E20]. Radioautography with 3H-imipramine or 3H-paroxetine (another marker for the transporter) confirmed that the 5-HT transporter is present in the cerebral cortex when it contains serotonergic growth cones, but not serotonergic synapses. Specific uptake of 3H-5-HT was found in IGC fractions as early as E15; this uptake was inhibited by fluoxetine. Electron microscopic radioautography demonstrated directly that growth cones were the structures in IGC fractions that took up 3H- 5-HT. The synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin and a 45 kDa protein found specifically in serotonergic synaptic vesicles, serotonin-binding protein (SBP), were each enriched in IGC fractions from E15 to postnatal day 5; SBP immunoreactivity increased approximately 10-fold between E15 and E20. Endogenous 5-HT was detected in IGC fractions at E15 and increased in amount as development proceeded. The ratio of 5-HT to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid suggested that 5-HT within growth cones is protected from catabolism by monoamine oxidase. Reserpine-induced depletion of 5-HT, a marker for the vesicular carrier of 5-HT, was apparent in IGC fractions at E20, but not at E15. These data suggest that properties that characterize the presynaptic components of mature serotonergic synapses develop in growth cones before synapses are formed. The early development of these properties may permit neurotransmission to be established rapidly during synaptogenesis or, alternatively, enable 5-HT to play a role in ontogeny.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic properties of serotonergic growth cones in developing rat brain

1994

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“…Axotomized neurones undergo a number of structural, metabolic and functional changes which have been viewed as an anabolic response which is appropriate for repair of the cellular damage and regeneration of the lost axon (Grafstein, 1977). These changes, which are still poorly understood, may be considered as a process of de-differentiation of neurones to a growing state from a fully differentiated secretory state (Gordon, 1983).…”

Section: Electrical Changes In Neurones Which Are Growingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of axotomy on bullfrog sympathetic neurones.

Gordon

Kelly

Sanders

et al. 1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effects of axotomy on the electrical properties of B cells in bullfrog paravertebral sympathetic ganglia were studied using standard intracellular recording techniques. The effects were apparent after 1 week and persisted throughout the 47 days of study.2. Action potential duration (spike width) and amplitude (spike height) were significantly increased in axotomized neurones.3. The duration of the after-hyperpolarization which followed the action potential showed considerable scatter in control neurones (mean + S.E. of mean, 159-0 + 5 8 ms for 100 cells). Following axotomy, the duration was significantly reduced (50-9+2-3 ms for 97 cells). The amplitude of the after-hyperpolarization was also significantly smaller in axotomized neurones.4. Changes in the characteristics of the action potential and the after-hyperpolarization in axotomized neurones were not due to alteration in resting membrane potential or input resistance which were unchanged after axotomy. Rheobase current was significantly increased.5. There was neither a significant depression of the rate of rise or the amplitude of orthodromically evoked nicotinic e.p.s.p.s nor any obvious ultrastructural alteration following axotomy.6. Despite the decrease in the duration of the after-hyperpolarization, the rate of discharge in response to constant current injection was little changed in axotomized neurones.7. Although axotomy produces significant changes in several measurable electrophysiological parameters in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells, the present results imply that mature neurones are able to maintain relatively normal electrical activity despite injury.

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“…Herring bodies are present which are characterized by numerous NGVs and an extensive axonal smooth endoplasmic reticulum (AER). The fact that these organelles are the first ones to accumulate proximal to the ejection site is consistent with the findings that both NGVs and AER are transported via the fast anterograde axoplasmic transport (Droz et al 1975, Grafstein 1977, Mason and Bern 1977.…”

Section: Fig 225supporting

confidence: 72%

“…The large size as compared to that of the undilated neurosecretory axons reflects plasticity of the neurosecretory system. The extensive networks of AER and the agranular vesicles of variable sizes are likely to be the source of membrane for the enlarged axolemma (Droz et al 1975, Grafstein 1977. Similar accumulation of AER agranular vesicles has been reported in the growth cone of growing nerves (Yamada et al 1971) and in regenerating neurosecretory axons , Dellmann and Rodriguez 1971, Dellmann 1973).…”

Section: Fig 225mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…There is evidence for at least two distinct rates, a fast component (100-400 mm/ day) and a slow component (1-5 mm/day) (Lasek 1970, Ochs 1972a, Heslop 1975, Schubert 1976, for review see Grafstein 1977). The materials transported via the fast component are mostly particulates; the charac teristic constituents include glycoprotein, an important component of membranes, and transmitter synthesizing enzymes (Forman et al 1971, Bennet et al 1973, Sabri and Ochs 1973, Karlsson 1976, Levin 1977.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosynthesis and axoplasmic transport of neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the grass frog Rana pipiens

Chang

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Axonal Transport: The Intracellular Traffic of the Neuron

Cited by 37 publications

References 279 publications

Synaptic properties of serotonergic growth cones in developing rat brain

Synaptic properties of serotonergic growth cones in developing rat brain

The effects of axotomy on bullfrog sympathetic neurones.

Biosynthesis and axoplasmic transport of neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the grass frog Rana pipiens

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