Axotomy‐induced neuronal death during development

Snider, William D.; Elliott, Jeffrey L.; Qiao, Yan

doi:10.1002/neu.480230913

Cited by 186 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…These varying results may to some extent be due to counting problems, but also to age, postoperative survival time, and proximity of lesion (see Lowrie and Vrbová, 1992;Snider et al, 1992;Fu and Gordon, 1997). By analogy to findings in the DRGs (Ygge and Aldskogius, 1984;Arvidsson et al, 1986;Groves et al, 1997), an increased amount of neuronal disappearence in the motor columns could take place if very long survival times were studied.…”

Section: Labelling With the First Tracer: Neuronal Death Versus Tracementioning

confidence: 95%

On the use of fast blue, fluoro-gold and diamidino yellow for retrograde tracing after peripheral nerve injury: uptake, fading, dye interactions, and toxicity

Puigdellı́vol-Sánchez

Valero‐Cabré

Prats-Galino

et al. 2002

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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The usefulness of three retrograde fluorescent dyes for tracing injured peripheral axons was investigated. The rat sciatic was transected bilaterally and the proximal end briefly exposed to either Fast Blue (FB), Fluoro-Gold (FG) or to Diamidino Yellow (DY) on the right side, and to saline on the left side, respectively. The nerves were then resutured and allowed to regenerate.Electrophysiological tests three months later showed similar latencies and amplitudes of evoked muscle and nerve action potentials between tracer groups. The nerves were then cut distal to the original injury and exposed to a second (different) dye. Five days later, retrogradely labelled neurones were counted in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord ventral horn. The number of neurones labelled by the first tracer was similar for all three dyes in the DRG and ventral horn except for FG, which labelled fewer motoneurones. When used as second tracer, DY labelled fewer neurones than FG and FB in some experimental situations. The total number of neurones labelled by the first and/or second tracer was reduced by about 30% compared to controls. The contributions of cell death as well as different optional tracer combinations for studies of nerve regeneration are discussed.

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Section: Labelling With the First Tracer: Neuronal Death Versus Tracementioning

confidence: 95%

On the use of fast blue, fluoro-gold and diamidino yellow for retrograde tracing after peripheral nerve injury: uptake, fading, dye interactions, and toxicity

Puigdellı́vol-Sánchez

Valero‐Cabré

Prats-Galino

et al. 2002

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…However, in line with the immaturity of the immune system in neonatal animals, very little evidence of infiltrating cells or of an active immune response was observed. Neonatal motor neurons are, however, exquisitely sensitive to mechanical injury, 36 and the reduction in gene expression seen may be due to the cytotoxicity of the 1764 viruses.…”

Section: Hsv-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of genomic HSV vectors for gene delivery to motor neurons following peripheral inoculation in vivo

et al. 2004

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The use of viral vectors for gene delivery to motor neurons in vivo has been hampered by the need to perform invasive surgery to inject directly the vector into the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Here, we have characterized the features of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV)-derived vectors, in terms of gene mutations and promoter constructs, that are required to allow efficient transduction of motor neurons following a relatively noninvasive peripheral administration via sciatic nerve or footpad injection. Owing to the wide variety of animal models used to study neurodegenerative diseases of motor neurons, we analysed the effectiveness of these vectors in adult mice and adult and neonatal rats. We tested viruses with differing degrees of disablement based on the 1764 backbone (deleted for ICP34.5 and an insertional inactivation in VP16) rendered completely replication incompetent by the deletion of the essential immediate-early genes ICP27 and/or ICP4. In the adult mouse, prolonged gene expression in motor neurons was obtained after sciatic nerve inoculation with a vector defective in ICP4 and ICP27. In the adult rat, both the vector defective in ICP4 and the vector defective in ICP4 and ICP27 were capable of transducing motor neurons for extended periods of time during viral latency. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using HSV vectors for persistent transgene expression in motor neurons in a safe and nontoxic manner following peripheral administration. These vectors are potentially useful tools to investigate the functions of genes involved in motor neuronal survival and regeneration in models of motor neuron diseases in vivo.

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“…However, the controversy remains as to whether they contribute equally to neuronal survival in vivo (in mammal). In the present study, we tried to address this issue by using axotomy-induced neuronal death paradigm (Hamburger, 1934;Romanes, 1946;Snider et al, 1992). Axotomy or the removal of peripheral targets in the neonate causes neuronal death, whereas axotomy in mature animals induces a regenerative response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Akt/Protein Kinase B Prevents Injury-Induced Motoneuron Death and Accelerates Axonal Regeneration

Namikawa¹,

Honma

Abe³

et al. 2000

J. Neurosci.

217

169

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Motoneurons require neurotrophic factors for their survival and axonal projection during development, as well as nerve regeneration. By using the axotomy-induced neuronal death paradigm and adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we attempted to gain insight into the functional significances of major growth factor receptor downstream cascades, Ras-extracellular signalregulated kinase (Ras-ERK) pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) pathway. After neonatal hypoglossal nerve transection, the constitutively active Akt-overexpressing neurons could survive as well as those overexpressing Bcl-2, whereas the constitutively active ERK kinase (MEK)-overexpressing ones failed to survive. A dominant negative Akt experiment demonstrated that inhibition of Akt pathway hastened axotomy-induced neuronal death in the neonate. In addition, the dominant active Akt-overexpressing adult hypoglossal neurons showed accelerated axonal regeneration after axotomy. These results suggest that Akt plays dual roles in motoneuronal survival and nerve regeneration in vivo and that PI3K-Akt pathway is probably more vital in neuronal survival after injury than Ras-ERK pathway.

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Axotomy‐induced neuronal death during development

Cited by 186 publications

References 134 publications

On the use of fast blue, fluoro-gold and diamidino yellow for retrograde tracing after peripheral nerve injury: uptake, fading, dye interactions, and toxicity

On the use of fast blue, fluoro-gold and diamidino yellow for retrograde tracing after peripheral nerve injury: uptake, fading, dye interactions, and toxicity

Comparative analysis of genomic HSV vectors for gene delivery to motor neurons following peripheral inoculation in vivo

Akt/Protein Kinase B Prevents Injury-Induced Motoneuron Death and Accelerates Axonal Regeneration

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