Azadirachta indica A. Juss bark extract and its Nimbin isomers restrict β-coronaviral infection and replication

Sarkar, Lucky; Oko, Lauren; Gupta, Soham; Bubak, Andrew N.; Das, Bishnu; Gupta, Parna; Safiriyu, Abass Alao; Singhal, Chirag; Neogi, Ujjwal; Bloom, David C.; Banerjee, Arup; Mahalingam, Ravi; Cohrs, Randall J.; Koval, Michael; Shindler, Kenneth S.; Pal, Debnath; Nagel, Maria A.; Sarma, Jayasri Das

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.002

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Methanol extract from Saussurea involucrata inhibited the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses also in cultured RAW264.7 cells [ 22 ]. Azadirachta indica bark extract restricted coronaviral infection and replication model [ 23 ]. Kumaizasa ( Sasa senanensis ) leaf extract was reported to inhibit LPS-induced IL-1 β and TNF- α expression in macrophages but increased IL-8 production in HEK293 cells [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Bamboo Sasa albomarginata Leaf Extract and Its Constituent Coumaric Acid Methyl Ester

Kojima

Hakamata

Asanuma

et al. 2022

The Scientific World Journal

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Background. Hot water extract of Sasa albomarginata (Kumazasa) leaves is commercially available and used as a dietary supplement or skincare cream. The extract possesses anti-inflammatory activity on the mouse atopic dermatitis model. To elucidate the mechanism of in vivo activity, we have studied the cellular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the extract and its constituents. Methods. Secretion of mouse and human IL-6 was measured by ELISA. ROS production was measured by a fluorescent reagent. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/MS was used for the ingredient analysis. Results. The Sasa albomarginata extract inhibited inflammatory mediators such as LPS-induced NO, IL-6, and ROS production in mouse monocyte leukemia RAW264.7 cells. It also inhibited iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β expressions. Moreover, it inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 expression and production in human monocyte leukemia THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. The HPLC analysis of the extract revealed the existence of coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid methyl ester. Coumaric acid methyl ester but not coumaric acid or ferulic acid inhibited LPS-induced NO, IL-6, and ROS production in RAW264.7 cells and IL-6 production in differentiated THP-1 cells. Conclusion. The hot water extract of Sasa albomarginata leaves and one of its constituents possess cellular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Bamboo Sasa albomarginata Leaf Extract and Its Constituent Coumaric Acid Methyl Ester

Kojima

Hakamata

Asanuma

et al. 2022

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Despite this, given the devastation associated with the ongoing pandemic, several clinical trials are in progress to test neem as a component of mouthwashes, nasal sprays, and capsules for suspected, confirmed, or hospitalized COVID-19 patients, or for prophylaxis ( Khan et al, 2020 ; Farhan Raza Khan, 2021 ; Nesari et al, 2021 ). Additionally, one animal study has been completed in which coronavirus-infected mice were treated orally or intranasally with neem bark extract; overall, the therapy was able to prevent systemic injury and pathologic effects of the virus both in vivo and in vitro using multiple model systems ( Sarkar et al, 2022 ). Advocating for additional trials of neem against SARS-CoV-2, Eze et al (2022) made connections between some of the known mechanisms of A. indica products against other illnesses and the potential efficacy of neem against the virus that causes COVID-19.…”

Section: Antiviral Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial Potential of the Neem Tree Azadirachta indica

Wylie

Merrell

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), also known as the neem tree, has been used for millennia as a traditional remedy for a multitude of human ailments. Also recognized around the world as a broad-spectrum pesticide and fertilizer, neem has applications in agriculture and beyond. Currently, the extensive antimicrobial activities of A. indica are being explored through research in the fields of dentistry, food safety, bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology. Herein, some of the most recent studies that demonstrate the potential of neem as a previously untapped source of novel therapeutics are summarized as they relate to the aforementioned research topics. Additionally, the capacity of neem extracts and compounds to act against drug-resistant and biofilm-forming organisms, both of which represent large groups of pathogens for which there are limited treatment options, are highlighted. Updated information on the phytochemistry and safety of neem-derived products are discussed as well. Although there is a growing body of exciting evidence that supports the use of A. indica as an antimicrobial, additional studies are clearly needed to determine the specific mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and in vivo safety of neem as a treatment for human pathogens of interest. Moreover, the various ongoing studies and the diverse properties of neem discussed herein may serve as a guide for the discovery of new antimicrobials that may exist in other herbal panaceas across the globe.

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“…Furthermore, a study assessing the inhibitory effect of 160 phytocompounds demonstrated that azadirachtin was highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 through the inhibition of Mpro, PLpro, and RdRp proteins, respectively [ 90 ]. Additionally, in vivo intranasal and oral administration of nimbin and its isomers extracted from neem bark demonstrated inhibitory responses towards m-CoV-RSA59 and SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting viral expression and spread [ 91 ]. Similarly, another study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of azadirachtin, quercetin, and margocin on the cell entry by SARS-CoV-2 through the blocking of RBD-ACE2 spike receptors [ 92 ].…”

Section: Exploratory Analysis Of the Data Recovered In The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Azadirachta indica as a Capping Agent for Antiviral Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

Foka

Manamela

Mufamadi

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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A rare type of pneumonia later on referred to as COVID-19 was reported in China in December 2019. Investigations revealed that this disease is caused by a coronavirus previously identified as SARS-CoV-2, and since then, it has become a global pandemic with new strains emerging rapidly as a result of genetic mutations. Various therapeutic options are being explored in order to eradicate this pandemic even though approved vaccine candidates are being currently rolled out globally. Most medicinal plant extracts have astonishing properties, and they can therefore be used in the biosynthesis of effective antiviral nanoparticles. In this systematic review, we aimed to highlight the specific attributes that make Azadirachta indica (neem plant) a suitable candidate for the biosynthesis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles. A systematic investigation was therefore carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and AJOL databases with the keywords “Nanoparticles,” “Biosynthesis,” “Antivirals,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “ Azadirachta indica .” 1216 articles were retrieved by the 21 st of February 2022, but we screened studies that reported data on biomedical and antimicrobial assessment of Azadirachta indica extracts. We also screened studies that were reporting nanoparticles possessing antiviral properties against SARS-C0V-2, narrowing our results to 98 reports. Herein, the SARS-CoV-2 viral structure is briefly discussed with nanoparticles of biomedical importance in the design of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. Most importantly, we focused on the biomedical and antiviral properties of Azadirachta indica extracts that could be of importance in the design of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanoformulations.

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Azadirachta indica A. Juss bark extract and its Nimbin isomers restrict β-coronaviral infection and replication

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Cellular Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Bamboo Sasa albomarginata Leaf Extract and Its Constituent Coumaric Acid Methyl Ester

Cellular Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Bamboo Sasa albomarginata Leaf Extract and Its Constituent Coumaric Acid Methyl Ester

The Antimicrobial Potential of the Neem Tree Azadirachta indica

Potential of Azadirachta indica as a Capping Agent for Antiviral Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

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