2020
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00329
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Azelaic Acid Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle by Activation of Olfactory Receptor 544

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Cited by 25 publications
(19 citation statements)
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References 65 publications
(84 reference statements)
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“…Azelaic acid has a specific olfactory receptor, Olfr544, in mice (81). This receptor is expressed in several non-olfactory murine tissues, is highly abundant in muscle, and its activation by azelaic acid activates mitochondrial biogenesis (82). The human protein analogue is encoded by the OR52K1 gene.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Azelaic acid has a specific olfactory receptor, Olfr544, in mice (81). This receptor is expressed in several non-olfactory murine tissues, is highly abundant in muscle, and its activation by azelaic acid activates mitochondrial biogenesis (82). The human protein analogue is encoded by the OR52K1 gene.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, Lee et al demonstrated that in cultured skeletal myotubes, stimulation of olfr544 by azelaic acid, a C9 dicarboxylic acid naturally occurring in rye, barley, and other grain foods [ 47 ], activates PKA-CREB-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy; these effects of azelaic acid are abolished by olfr544 siRNA transfection ( Figure 2 ). Likewise, administration mice with azelaic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis and activates the CREB-PGC-1α-ERK1/2 signaling cascade in skeletal muscle tissue of mice; this could not be observed in olfr544 −/− mice [ 20 ].…”
Section: Biological Functions Of Ectopic Ors Responding To Odorant Compounds In the Non-chemosensory Tissuesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These ectopically expressed ORs have traditionally been thought to exist without any functional significance and their potential as therapeutic strategies is considered to be limited because they have not been implicated in the pathology of any common disease. Nevertheless, this view is now changing as an increasing number of ectopic ORs, responding to various ligands including specific food-related flavor compounds and gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been reported to exert an important regulatory role in a diverse range of physiological or pathological processes such as renin secretion, cancer growth, triglyceride metabolism, hepatic lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial biogenesis [ 7 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. These observations expand our appreciation of the functions of ORs in the modulation of whole-body homeostasis and highlight the potential of ectopic ORs as therapeutical targets and promising markers in the management of human disease in addition to their involvement in the flavor and fragrance industry.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thach et al reported that administration of azelaic acid stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial contents, and autophagy in skeletal muscle tissues via activation of olfactory receptor 544 in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice and C2C12 myotubes. The primary mechanism is associated with cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding PGC-1α-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling axis [79]. Arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid C20:4, omega-6) supplementation enhances C2C12 myotubes cell growth and development via cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathway [80].…”
Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning
confidence: 99%