Azidated Ether-Butadiene-Ether Block Copolymers as Binders for Solid Propellants

Cappello, Miriam; Lamia, Pietro; Mura, Claudio; Polacco, Giovanni; Filippi, Sara

doi:10.1080/07370652.2015.1072596

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The binding energies are numerically equal to the corresponding non-bonding energies and follow the order of CAB/Bu-NENA≈CAB/EGBAA> CAB/DEGBAA> CAB/TMNTA> CAB/PETKAA> CAB/GAPA> CAB/A3. It is known that the system with greater E bind ’ has better compatibility [ 27 ]. Therefore, CAB/A3 is the least compatible system and all other CAB/plasticizer systems are more compatible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Cellulose Acetate Butyrate/Plasticizer Systems by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Characterization

Wang

Jin

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) is a widely used binder in polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). However, the mechanical properties of PBXs bonded with CAB are usually very poor, which makes the charge edges prone to crack. In the current study, seven plasticizers, including bis (2,2-dinitro propyl) formal/acetal (BDNPF/A or A3, which is 1:1 mixture of the two components), azide-terminated glycidyl azide (GAPA), n-butyl-N-(2-nitroxy-ethyl) nitramine (Bu-NENA), ethylene glycol bis(azidoacetate) (EGBAA), diethylene glycol bis(azidoacetate) (DEGBAA), trimethylol nitromethane tris (azidoacetate) (TMNTA) and pentaerythritol tetrakis (azidoacetate) [PETKAA], were studied for the plasticization of CAB. Molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to distinguish the compatibilities between CAB and plasticizers and to predict the mechanical properties of CAB/plasticizer systems. Considering the solubility parameters, binding energies and intermolecular radical distribution functions of these CAB/plasticizer systems comprehensively, we found A3, Bu-NENA, DEGBAA and GAPA are compatible with CAB. The elastic moduli of CAB/plasticizer systems follow the order of CAB/Bu-NENA>CAB/A3>CAB/DEGBAA>CAB/GAPA, and their processing property is in the order of CAB/Bu-NENA>CAB/GAPA>CAB/A3>CAB/DEGBAA. Afterwards, all the systems were characterized by FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) and tensile tests. The results suggest A3, GAPA and Bu-NENA are compatible with CAB. The tensile strengths and Young’s moduli of these systems are in the order of CAB/A3>CAB/Bu-NENA>CAB/GAPA, while the strain at break of CAB/Bu-NENA is best, which are consistent with simulation results. Based on these results, it can be concluded that A3, Bu-NENA and GAPA are the most suitable plasticizers for CAB binder in improving mechanical and processing properties. Our work has provided a crucial guidance for the formulation design of PBXs with CAB binder.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Cellulose Acetate Butyrate/Plasticizer Systems by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Characterization

Wang

Jin

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…In 2007, a BAMO-HTPB copolymer with different monomer ratios was successfully synthesized by Reddy et al [61] via an activated monomer mechanism through the polymerization-azidation route (Scheme 4: Route B). Considering the safety and compatibility of the process, Cappello et al [62] employed an alternative procedure for the preparation of 3 ether-butadiene-ether copolymers using four similar routes: GAP-PB-GAP, GAP/BAMO-PB-GAP/BAMO and AMMO-PB-AMMO (Scheme 4: Route C). Since the first GAP-HTPB copolymer had been prepared from different precursors, the other two copolymers were described for the first time.…”

Section: Azido Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene: Chemical Modification and Application of these Modifiers in Propellants and Explosives

Zhang¹,

Shu²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as a telechelic liquid polymer has been widely used in propellants and explosives and many modified-HTPBs have been reported in the literature. As a binder or additive in propellants and explosives, the chemical modification of HTPB for improving certain properties of propellants has been summarized in detail in this article. According to the application drawbacks of HTPB, modified-HTPB can be classified differently. Furthermore, there are polymers that have been modified on their energetic properties, such as GAP-PB-GAP, BAMO-PB-BAMO, AMMO-PB-AMMO, Nitro-HTPB, HTPB-DNB and NHTPB. Pre-polymers modified on their combustion properties include Butacene ® , FPDS-g-HTPB, Fc-HTPB, BiFc-g-HTPB, HTPB→[Fe(CO)3]x, PPA-HTPB-PPA and PNBE-HTPB-PNBE. HTPBs are also modified in curing systems containing, for example ETPB, PTPB, PrTPB, AzTPB, and PUPB, and other modification results are reviewed. Additionally, this overview is expected to provide an outlook for further studies in these fields.

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“…This is because, even if the macromolecules are dissolved in a solvent, the presence of many neighboring tosyl groups may considerably limit the access of N 3 groups to the reactive site and thus also the overall kinetic of azidation. This problem has been recently discussed by Cappello et al [42] with respect to the synthesis of ether-HTPBether tri-block copolymers. Moreover, the steric hindrance may also play a role during polymerization and influence i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Synthesis of GAP and PAMMO Homopolymers from Mesylate Polymeric Precursors

Mura

Fruci

Lamia

et al. 2015

Journal of Energetic Materials

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In azidic binders for solid propellants, the N3 functionality is introduced by substitution of a halogen or tosyl group, but recently the mesyl group has been suggested as an alternative. The mesylate group has two advantages, mainly related to its small dimensions and low cost. Poly(glycidyl azide) and poly 3-azidomethyl-3-methyl oxetane were prepared by using both tosylate and mesylate precursors. The azidation kinetics were studied at three different temperatures while keeping all other operating parameters the same. The results confirmed the good potential of the mesylate precursors for the production of azidic binders

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Azidated Ether-Butadiene-Ether Block Copolymers as Binders for Solid Propellants

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Study on Cellulose Acetate Butyrate/Plasticizer Systems by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Characterization

Study on Cellulose Acetate Butyrate/Plasticizer Systems by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Characterization

Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene: Chemical Modification and Application of these Modifiers in Propellants and Explosives

Synthesis of GAP and PAMMO Homopolymers from Mesylate Polymeric Precursors

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