Azimuthal Anisotropy in Deep Core-Level X-Ray Photoemission from an Adsorbed Atom: Oxygen on Copper(001)

Kono, S.; Fadley, C. S.; Hall, N. F. T.; Hussain, Zahid

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.41.117

Cited by 111 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…by looking at the variation of different peaks in Fourier transforms of scanned-energy data. A first attempt at this has recently been made by Wang et aC 5 Also. even forward scattering features at high energy contain vibrational information because of peak broadening by motion perpendicular to a bond,23.69 and this has permitted Wesner et al 76 to determine the vibrational amplitude anisotropy for an adsorbed molecule, as discussed further in section 4.1.3.…”

Section: Improvements To the Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the first observations of strong diffraction effects in X-ray photoelectron emission from single-crystal substrates by Siegbahn et al 2 and by Fadley and Bergstrom 3 took place almost 20 years ago, and the use of such effects at lower energies to determine surface structures was proposed by Liebsch 4 15 years ago, it was not until about 10 years ago that quantitative experimental surface-structure studies were initiated by Kono et al, 5 Woodruff et al,6 and Kevan et al 7 By now both photoelectron diffraction and Auger electron diffraction are becoming more widely used to study surface atomic geometries. S- 13 We will thus consider here both the present status and future prospects of these methods, and then return at the conclusion of this chapter to make a critical comparison of them with several other surface-structure probes such as LEED, grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Study of Surface Structures by Photoelectron Diffraction and Auger Electron Diffraction

Fadley

1992

Synchrotron Radiation Research

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ABBREVIA TlONS AND ACRONYMSscanned-energy photoelectron diffraction with normal emission one-dimensional alkali-chain model scanned-energy photoelectron diffraction with off-normal emission photoelectron diffraction path-length difference polar photoelectron diffraction plane-wave scattering Rutherford back scattering surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure strong metal support interaction spin polarized Auger electron diffraction spin polarized photoelectron diffraction short-range magnetic order single scattering single scattering cluster scanning tunneling microscopy spherical-wave scattering X-ray absorption near-edge structure = NEXAFS X-ray photoelectron diffraction, typically at energies of 500-1400 eV X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Section: Improvements To the Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Study of Surface Structures by Photoelectron Diffraction and Auger Electron Diffraction

Fadley

1992

Synchrotron Radiation Research

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“…Following the prediction by Liebsch (1) that diffraction effects are present in photoemission from adsorbate-atom core levels, such effects have been observed in several experimental configurations (2)(3)(4). In each case comparison of experimental results with curves derived from microscopic theory based on certain surface structures (5) showed good agreement, thereby establishing photoelectron diffraction (PD) as a technique for structure determination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

Fourier-transform analysis of normal photoelectron diffraction data for surface-structure determination

Hussain¹,

Shirley²,

Li³

et al. 1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A direct method for surface-structure determination from normal emission photoelectron diffraction (NPD) data is presented. Fourier Following the prediction by Liebsch (1) that diffraction effects are present in photoemission from adsorbate-atom core levels, such effects have been observed in several experimental configurations (2-4). In each case comparison of experimental results with curves derived from microscopic theory based on certain surface structures (5) showed good agreement, thereby establishing photoelectron diffraction (PD) as a technique for structure determination. Unfortunately, PD data analysis appeared to require a scattering-theory computation ofcomplexity up to the low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) level for each trial structure. In this paper, however, we propose a direct method for analysis of normal photoelectron diffraction (NPD) data that is independent of model calculations. This method is based on Fourier transformation of NPD intensity curves to yield peaks in the transform at perpendicular distances d1 + nb, n = 0, 1, 2, ... Here d1 is the adsorbate-substrate spacing and b is the substrate interlayer spacing. Fourier-transform NPD (FTNPD) is thus comparable to extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in its simplicity ofanalysis. The validity of FTNPD is tested by extensive Fourier analysis of theoretical NPD curves. Arguments are presented to show that FTNPD is less dependent on phase shifts than is EXAFS, and the reasons that perpendicular distances dominate the transform are discussed.First we note some similarities between NPD and EXAFS, in which both differ from LEED. The intensity-versus-energy (I/E) curve in NPD is similar in appearance to either a LEED I/V curve or an EXAFS absorption curve. However, like the latter, NPD is atom specific. In fact, both the NPD and EXAFS I/E curves result from (photoelectric) excitation of an atomic core level. Most ofthe diffractive structure in an NPD (EXAFS) curve carries information about the distance from the source atom to other planes (atoms). For both NPD and EXAFS, the diffractive structure appears as sinusoidal modulation of the photoexcitation curve, and for both cases phase coherence between the scattered wave and the primary unscattered wave is provided by their common origin-the source atom. A different mechanism exists in LEED, which is not atom specific and for which coherence must be provided by long-range order over 102-103 A in the sample. Just as in EXAFS, in which multiple scattering effects are unimportant or average out and singlescattering theory prevails (6), the modulation pattern in NPD at higher kinetic energies depends largely on single backscattering. In fact, Li and Tong (7) have shown that only a single backscattering event need be considered to calculate NPD curves for kinetic energies in the 100-to 400-eV range. Finally, in NPD, as in EXAFS, the periodicity in k space of the sinusoidal modulation increases with decreasing d1 where the theoretical curves are calculated over a small rang...

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“…3.5(a) and 3.5(b) are dominated by the strong forward-scattering and interference effects that are well-known in single-crystal substrates [27][28][29][30]. These patterns are rich in structure, with for example, maxima along <110> near-neighbor directions at a polar angle of 55°.…”

Section: Xpd-experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The growth of epitaxial iron oxides on platinum (111) as studied by X-ray photoelectron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low energy electron diffraction

Kim¹

1995

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Azimuthal Anisotropy in Deep Core-Level X-Ray Photoemission from an Adsorbed Atom: Oxygen on Copper(001)

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

The Study of Surface Structures by Photoelectron Diffraction and Auger Electron Diffraction

The Study of Surface Structures by Photoelectron Diffraction and Auger Electron Diffraction

Fourier-transform analysis of normal photoelectron diffraction data for surface-structure determination

The growth of epitaxial iron oxides on platinum (111) as studied by X-ray photoelectron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and low energy electron diffraction

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