Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate Combination Therapy in Experimental Multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Albino Rats

Obi, C. F.; Ezeh, Ikenna O.; Okpala, Michael Ikenna; Idika, Idika Kalu; Mbe, Nnamdi; Nwobi, Lotanna Gilbert; Ezeokonkwo, R.C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109138

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The symptoms/clinical signs observed during this study were indicative of trypanosomosis and have been documented by a number of authors (Obi et al, 2020;Okpala et al, 2021). Reduction in the PCV of the infected groups of rats signifies anaemia.…”

Section: Discussio Discussio Discussio Discussion N N Nsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Reduction in the PCV of the infected groups of rats signifies anaemia. Previous studies have documented similar findings (Obi et al, 2020;Okpala et al, 2021). Anaemia observed could be due to phagocytosis of erythrocytes, depression of erythropoiesis, haemodilution and increased plasma volume, dyshaemopoiesis, etc.…”

Section: Discussio Discussio Discussio Discussion N N Nsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Effect of time of treatment on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

EZEH,

IHEAGWAM,

OBI

et al. 2023

Not Sci Biol

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The effect of treatment time on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei was assessed. The thirty albino rats utilized in this study were divided into six groups, each with five rats. Group 1 rats were uninfected while those in groups 2 - 6 were inoculated intraperitoneally with 106 trypanosomes. Group 2 rats were left untreated while groups 3 - 6 rats were treated respectively on days 5, 8, 11 and 14 post infection (PI) with 1.0 mg/kg Securidium® (brand of isometamidium chloride) intraperitoneally. Level of parasitaemia, rectal temperature, clinical signs, haematological indices (packed cell volume and total leucocyte count) and survivability were used to evaluate the treatment time on the efficacy of Securidium®. Pre-patent period was 4 - 5 days. On days 4, 5, and 11 following the treatments (PT), the parasites were eliminated in the treated groups 3 - 6 respectively. Also, two rats relapsed in group 3 from 37 days PT with 20% mortality, whereas groups 4 - 6 rats relapsed from days 19, 16 and 21 PT respectively. Groups 4 - 6 rats had 40%, 60% and 80% mortalities respectively. The mean PCV and TLC showed a striking drop (p<0.05) PI, however, group 3 had a better result PT compared to other infected-treated groups. In conclusion, it is safe to say that treatment time is a significant determinant of therapeutic efficacy in trypanosomosis, as early treatment group had better overall indices of therapeutic efficacy than the late treatment groups.

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Section: Discussio Discussio Discussio Discussion N N Nsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussio Discussio Discussio Discussion N N Nsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of time of treatment on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

EZEH,

IHEAGWAM,

OBI

et al. 2023

Not Sci Biol

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“…In addition, diarylamidines can also bind to mitochondrial II topoisomerase and transfer RNA [ 41 ]. Outside of their interactions with parasites, numerous studies have demonstrated that DIZE and pentamidine can act as bacterial growth inhibitors and adjuvants to common antibiotics [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Moreover, DIZE was shown to inhibit the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins [ 50 , 51 ], whilst pentamidine interacts with LPS via lipid A [ 52 , 53 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Bats Pangolins Parasites and Diarylamidines: Making The Conn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection

Hulme

2023

IJMS

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As emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (Omicron) continue to outpace and negate combinatorial vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the spike protein (S) receptor binding domain (RBD), the appetite for developing similar COVID-19 treatments has significantly diminished, with the attention of the scientific community switching to long COVID treatments. However, treatments that reduce the risk of “post-COVID-19 syndrome” and associated sequelae remain in their infancy, particularly as no established criteria for diagnosis currently exist. Thus, alternative therapies that reduce infection and prevent the broad range of symptoms associated with ‘post-COVID-19 syndrome’ require investigation. This review begins with an overview of the parasitic–diarylamidine connection, followed by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSSR2) involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subsequently, the ability of diarylamidines to inhibit S-protein binding and various membrane serine proteases associated with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic infections are discussed. Finally, the roles of diarylamidines (primarily DIZE) in vaccine efficacy, epigenetics, and the potential amelioration of long COVID sequelae are highlighted.

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Drug-resistant trypanosome isolates populations in dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Southeastern Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Azithromycin and Diminazene Aceturate Combination Therapy in Experimental Multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Albino Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of time of treatment on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Effect of time of treatment on the efficacy of trypanocides in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection

Drug-resistant trypanosome isolates populations in dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Southeastern Nigeria

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