Azithromycin in the treatment of cholera in children

Mk, Bhattacharya; Dutta, Dipanjan; Ramamurthy, T.; Sarkar, Dipanwita; Singharoy, A; Sk, Bhattacharya

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00598.x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Such indiscriminate use of antibiotics resulted in the widespread antibiotic resistance in bacteria (21). Erythromycin resistance during the 1990s compelled clinicians to switch to azithromycin as the drug of choice in the treatment of cholera (45) and watery (cholera-like) diarrhea caused by ETEC (46, 47). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Carrying Shiga Toxin and Heat-Stable Toxin in Livestock of Bangladesh

Johura

Parveen

Islam

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) are important causes of diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Although ruminant animals are the main source of STEC, diarrhea due to this pathotype is very low in Bangladesh where ETEC remains the predominant group associated with childhood diarrhea. In the present study, E. coli strains (n = 35) isolated from Bangladesh livestock (goats, sheep, and cattle) and poultry (chicken and ducks) were analyzed for the presence of major virulence factors, such as Shiga toxins (STX-1 and STX-2), heat-labile toxin, and heat-stable toxins (STa and STb). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction results revealed 23 (66%) E. coli strains to be virulent possessing either sta (n = 5), stx (stx1, n = 8; stx2, n = 2), or both (n = 8) genes in varying combinations. Thirty-four percent (8/23) of strains from livestock were hybrid type that carried both stx (either stx1 or stx2) and ETEC-specific enterotoxin gene sta. Serotyping results revealed that the ETEC strains belonged to five serotypes, namely O36:H5, O174:H−, O152:H8, O109:H51, and O8:H21, while the STEC-producing strains belonged to serotypes O76:H19 (n = 3), O43:H2 (n = 2), O87:H16 (n = 2), OR:H2 (n = 1), O110:H16 (n = 1), and O152:H8 (n = 1). The STEC–ETEC hybrid strains belonged to serotypes O76:H19 (n = 3), O43:H2 (n = 2), O87:H16, OR:H2, and O152:H8. Forty percent (2/5) of the ETEC and 20% (2/10) of the STEC strains were multidrug resistant with the highest drug resistance (50%) being found in the hybrid strains. Molecular fingerprinting determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and cluster analyses by dendrogram revealed that, genetically, STEC–ETEC hybrid strains were highly heterogeneous. Multidrug-resistant E. coli STEC–ETEC hybrid strains in domesticated animals pose a public health threat for humans in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Carrying Shiga Toxin and Heat-Stable Toxin in Livestock of Bangladesh

Johura

Parveen

Islam

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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“…21 Asserting that "every social and political movement 'tending' in the direction of gains for the working class as a whole, or of challenging the power of capital as a whole, must be considered an aspect of class struggle," she uses the concept of social reproduction to show that movements outside of places of waged work, "such as those for cleaner air, for better schools, against water privatization, against climate change, or for fairer housing policies … are also class struggles." 22 While Bhattacharya is not hoeing new ground in this contribution, her clear prose and careful engagement with Marx offer these insights to new readers. Overall, the collection, from a group of accomplished and thoughtful scholars, provides a solid introduction to historical materialist approaches to social reproduction, including differences in its conceptualization and application.…”

Section: Braedley and Mcwhinneymentioning

confidence: 97%

What’s New about Social Reproduction?

Braedley

McWhinney

2022

L/LT

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“…In Kolkata, azithromycin was tested for the treatment of cholera in children (Bhattacharya et al 2003). Patients who received azithromycin had significantly less stool output, shorter duration of diarrhea, and lower fluid intake compared with patients who received erythromycin.…”

Section: Emergence Of Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera Outbreaks in India

Ramamurthy

Sharma²

2014

Cholera Outbreaks

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Cholera is a global health problem as several thousands of cases and deaths occur each year. The unique epidemiologic attribute of the disease is its propensity to occur as outbreaks that may flare-up into epidemics, if not controlled. The causative bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae prevails in the environment and infects humans whenever there is a breakdown in the public health component. The Indian subcontinent is vulnerable to this disease due its vast coastlines with areas of poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water, and overcrowding. Recently, it was shown that climatic conditions also play a major role in the persistence and spread of cholera. Constant change in the biotypes and serotypes of V. cholerae are also important aspects that changes virulence and survival of the pathogen. Such continuous changes increase the infection ability of the pathogen affecting the susceptible population including the children. The short-term carrier status of V. cholerae has been studied well at community level and this facet significantly contributes to the recurrence of cholera. Several molecular tools recognized altering clonality of V. cholerae in relation with the advent of a serogroup or serotype. Rapid identification systems were formulated for the timely detection of the pathogen so as to identify and control the outbreak and institute proper treatment of the patients. The antimicrobials used in the past are no longer useful in the treatment of cholera as V. cholerae has acquired several mechanisms for multiple antimicrobial resistance. This upsurge in antimicrobial resistance directly influences the management of the disease. This chapter provides an overview of cholera prevalence in India, possible sources of infection, and molecular epidemiology along with antimicrobial resistance of V. cholerae.

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Azithromycin in the treatment of cholera in children

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Occurrence of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Carrying Shiga Toxin and Heat-Stable Toxin in Livestock of Bangladesh

Occurrence of Hybrid Escherichia coli Strains Carrying Shiga Toxin and Heat-Stable Toxin in Livestock of Bangladesh

What’s New about Social Reproduction?

Cholera Outbreaks in India

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