Azo pigments and quinacridones induce delayed hypersensitivity in red tattoos

Gaudron, Sophie; Bouëdec, Marie-Christine Ferrier-Le; Franck, F.; D’Incan, M.

doi:10.1111/cod.12317

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Their main chemical classes are azo pigment, quinacridones, and phthalocyanines . Case reports indicate that the two former classes may be sensitizers and the main reason for allergy in red nuanced tattoos . However, most studies fail to prove a causative relationship of allergic reactions of tattoos and organic pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of pigments related to allergic tattoo reactions in 104 human skin biopsies

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Red tattoos are prone to allergic reactions. The identity of the allergen(s) is mostly unknown. Objectives Chemical analysis of human skin biopsies from chronic allergic reactions in red tattoos to identify culprit pigment(s) and metals. Material and methods One hundred four dermatome biopsies were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS/MS) for identification of commonly used organic pigments. Metal concentrations were assessed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐MS and x‐ray fluorescence (XRF). Fourteen patients had cross‐reactions in other red tattoos. Results In total, the identified pigments were mainly azo Pigment Red (P.R.) 22 (35%), P.R. 210 (24%), P.R. 170 (12%), P.R. 5 (0.9%), P.R. 112 (0.9%), and Pigment Orange (P.O.) 13 (11%). P.R. 122 (0.9%) and Pigment Violet (P.V.) 23 (8%) were also common. P.R. 22, P.R. 170, and P.R. 210 also dominated in patients with cross‐reactions. In 22% of the biopsies, no red pigment was detected. Element analysis indicated the presence of the sensitizers nickel and chromium. Conclusions P.R. 22, P.R. 170, and P.R. 210 were identified as the prevailing pigments behind chronic allergic reactions in red tattoos. The epitope causing the reaction might be a pigment‐degradation product. Metal contamination may derive from different sources, and its role in red tattoo allergy cannot be ascertained.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of pigments related to allergic tattoo reactions in 104 human skin biopsies

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since, as reported in Table 1, the hair dye contained PPD and other para amino compounds, but no azoic dyes, we could also suppose that the contact allergy was a cross reaction caused by a primitive sensitization to azoic dyes frequently contained in permanent tattoo inks [42]; however in this case the girl should have been suffering from clothes contact allergy from the time of the tattooing and not only after the hair dying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sensitization and Clinically Relevant Allergy to Hair Dyes and Clothes from Black Henna Tattoos: Do People Know the Risk? An Uncommon Serious Case and a Review of the Literature

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) tattooing has been used in Egypt and India since ancient times. Today this temporary body art is becoming increasingly popular among young people. Various chemicals are added to henna to darken and enhance the definition of tattoos, especially para-phenylenediamine (PPD), which is a strong sensitizer known to cause cross sensitive reactions to azoic dyes and other para-amino compounds. We present the case of an 18-year-old girl who became clinically sensitive to textile dyes after having showed a serious reaction both to her first hair dying when she was 16 years old and following the application of a temporary henna tattoo when she was a kid. The evidence from our literature review showed 33 cases of manifest sensitization to hair dye and only one of observable contact allergy to both hair and textile dyes from henna tattoos. The sensitization of children may have long-life lasting consequences, because of cross-reaction to dyes and other chemicals contained in hair colourants, clothes and drugs. Since tattoos are very popular and globalization has increased the circulation of unauthorized products we point out the need for informative campaigns about the risk of sensitization caused by temporary tattoos.

show abstract

“…Azo pigments belong to a wide class of synthetic organic pigments whose molecular structure contains the nitrogen azo group N=N. These pigments achieve bright, high‐intensity colours . Pigment Yellow 65 is a mono azo pigment, with a bright reddish yellow shade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic reaction to 3 tattoo inks containing Pigment Yellow 65

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Azo pigments and quinacridones induce delayed hypersensitivity in red tattoos

Abstract: Azo pigments and quinacridones both triggered reactions with similar clinical aspects but with varying histological findings. Patch and prick test results were disappointing with both. Reactions occurred following laser use in 1 case.

Cited by 56 publications

References 37 publications

Identification of pigments related to allergic tattoo reactions in 104 human skin biopsies

Identification of pigments related to allergic tattoo reactions in 104 human skin biopsies

Sensitization and Clinically Relevant Allergy to Hair Dyes and Clothes from Black Henna Tattoos: Do People Know the Risk? An Uncommon Serious Case and a Review of the Literature

Allergic reaction to 3 tattoo inks containing Pigment Yellow 65

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About