AZO/silver nanowire stacked films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering for transparent antenna

Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

“…conductive polymers and Conductive inks, such as silver-coated polyester (AgHT-4, AgHT-8) [ [38] , Known for its high optical transmission, relatively low resistivity, non-toxicity, low material cost and good stability, the Al doped ZnO (AZO) film is one of the most promising transparent and conductive oxide (TCO) thin films [7] [39]. and Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) [40] , Titanium Indium Oxide (TIO) [35,41] [42], and aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO)/silver nanowire (AgNWs), or silver nanowire (AgNWs) [43] [44], and graphene [45] are popular transparent conductive thin films . The thin films that can be applied in displays, LEDs, EMI-screens, and photovoltaic equipment are most popular is indium-tin-oxide (ITO).…”

“…And as Compact and Transparent Antennas using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 for 5G communication systems [18] , or soda lime glass substrate with fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) for wireless local area network (WLAN) [36] . and as Optically Transparent Antennas using glass as a substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO) for solar energy harvesting [29] , or for car network communication application [33] , or using glass as substrate with AZO/AgNWs for Bluetooth communication [44] , or using glass as substrate with AgHT-8 for WLAN [19] and wireless applications [20] , or using glass as substrate with AgHT-4 for Wi-Fi [26] , or using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 for wireless multiple-input and multiple output (MIMO) system [21] and smart devices [24] , or using a polyimide as substrate with TIO Terahertz communication [41] and satellites , radar systems [42] , and using a MWCNT loaded ITO and TIO for Terahertz communication [35] , and using a borosilicate glass substrate with FTO [37] or Pyrex glass substrate with FTO [38] for outdoor applications such as transparent antenna over solar cells , and using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with AgHT-8 thin film for (RFID) tags [22] and UWB home entertainment network [17] , commercial and medical applications [40] , and using a sapphire substrate with gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin film for smart city concept [7] , and using a quartz substrate with graphene layers for practical applications [45] , or using Perspex acrylic dielectric substrate with (AgHT-8) thin film for wireless applications [23] , or using a glass substrates with ITO films for millimeter wave bands [30] , or using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 short range multiband versatile wireless applications [28]. And can be as Transparent and Flexible Antennas using glass or polymer as substrate with AZO for window-integrated wireless sensor node [39] , or using a polyimide as substrate with IZTO/Ag/IZTO (IAI) for wearable glasses [46] and using polyamide substrate for computer laptop [3] , or using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with transparent silver nanowire (AgNWs) for automobile window, liquid crystal display, organi...…”

“…Next, under the design category, most antenna engineers tend to face problems regarding wireless communication related to the improvement of radiation efficiency [69]. A single-side metal antenna, especially wire antennas, generates low efficiency due to high loss of metallic meshes despite the increment in transparency [44].…”

“…Despite the increasing interest in transparent antenna and transparent wireless system, source of literature is in scarcity [7], particularly the dual-band transparent antennas that are sparse in the literature [22] [89]. For example, transparent antennas based on stack film materials have received little attention [44]. Meanwhile, in microstrip structures, the electromagnetic fields reproduced tend to differ, whereas no study has assessed the impact of two meshed layers on obtaining optically transparent microstrip (OTM) antennas in light of optical and electromagnetic performances [61].…”

“…This result, however, lacked ground plane evaluation. Moreover, the enclosing environment can easily affect such antenna upon deployment [44]. Additionally, slot placement on these locations can adversely affect yield due to the partial removal of the radiating element.…”