B-1 cell decreases susceptibility to encephalitozoonosis in mice

Costa, Lidiana Flora Vidôto da; Alvares-Saraiva, Anuska Marcelino; Rocha, P.R.D.; Spadacci-Morena, Diva Denelle; Pérez, Elizabeth; Mariano, Mário; Lallo, Maria Anete

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2016.09.018

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…These results may partly explain the susceptibility of XID mice to encephalitozoonosis when compared to BALB/c mice, as previously demonstrated by our group [15]. As demonstrated in this study, M1 macrophages possess intense phagocytic activity and capacity to produce proinflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Nevertheless B-1 Cells Are Critical For the Early Control Osupporting

confidence: 87%

“…bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae [33], viruses such as the Influenza virus [34], or fungi [35,36]. In line with these studies, our group demonstrated that XID mice were more susceptible to encephalitozoonosis than BALB/c mice, suggesting that the pathogenicity caused by E. cuniculi depends on the relationship between the multiplication of parasites and the host immune response [15,16]. In addition, da Costa et al [15] showed that BALB/c mice infected with E. cuniculi showed an increase in the number of macrophages and plasma levels of IFN-γ, which was responsible for the activation of macrophages and elimination of the pathogens.…”

Section: Nevertheless B-1 Cells Are Critical For the Early Control Osupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The proportion of macrophages in XID APerC (approximately 60%) was significantly higher than that in BALB/c APerC (approximately 20%), regardless of microsporidial infection ( Figure 6A). Since the BALB/c culture also contains B-1 cells that adhere together with the macrophages in the first incubation [15,16], this result was expected. After infection, the percentage of macrophages in XID APerC was 80%, which is higher than that observed in uninfected cultures, Figure 6C).…”

Section: B-1 Cells Are Associated With M1 Macrophage Profilementioning

confidence: 77%

“…In recent studies from our group, we demonstrated that B-1 cell deficient XID mice were more susceptible to experimental encephalitozoonosis than BALB/c mice, evidenced histologically with more prominent inflammatory lesions and fungal burden [15,16]. Although the mechanism of action of B-1 cells in the resistance of BALB/c mice to encephalitozoonosis is not fully understood, a significant increase in the population of peritoneal macrophages was reported in BALB/c mice infected with E. cuniculi [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Th2 cytokines have been demonstrated in E. cuniculi infection [15,46] and an increase in the mRNA for IL-10 was observed in the splenocytes of infected animals [46]. This cytokine has been reported to be involved in the regulation of Th1 immune response against Toxoplasma gondii [48] and possibly has a similar role in E. cuniculi infection.…”

Section: Nevertheless B-1 Cells Are Critical For the Early Control Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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B-1 cell-mediated modulation of m1-macrophage profile can ameliorate microbicidal functions and disrupt the evasion mechanisms ofEncephalitozoon cuniculi

Pereira

Alvares-Saraiva

Konno

et al. 2019

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Highlights E. cuniculi phagocytosis and microbicidal activity by macrophages increases in the presence of B-1 cells  M1 macrophage profiles were predominant in the presence of B-1 cells  Extrusion of the polar tubule of E. cuniculi occur inside M2 macrophages in cultures without B-1 cells  B-1 cells derived phagocytes (B-1CDP) identified with microbicidal activity against spores of E. cuniculi AbstractHere, we have investigated the possible effect of B-1 cells on the activity of peritoneal macrophages in E. cuniculi infection. In the presence of B-1 cells, peritoneal macrophages had an M1 profile with showed increased phagocytic capacity and index, associated with the intense microbicidal activity, increased proinflammatory cytokines production and a higher percentage of apoptotic death. The absence of B-1 cells was associated with a predominance of the M2 macrophages, indicating reduced phagocytic capacity and index, microbicidal activity, proinflammatory cytokine production, and apoptotic death, but equal death rate. In addition, in the M2 macrophages, spores of phagocytic E. cuniculi with polar tubular extrusion were observed, which is an important mechanism of evasion of the immune response. The results showed the importance of B-1 cells in the modulation of macrophage function against E. cuniculi infection, increasing microbicidal activity, and reducing the fungal mechanisms involved in the evasion of the immune response. Author SummaryThe adaptive immune response plays a key role against Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an opportunistic fungus for T cells immunodeficient patients. The role of B cells and antibody play in natural resistance to Encephalitozoon cuniculi remains unresolved. Previously, we demonstrated that B-1 deficient mice (XID), an important component of innate immunity, were more susceptible to encephalitozoonosis, despite the increase in the number of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes. Here we observed that the absence of B-1 cells was associated with a larger population of M2 macrophages, an anti-inflammatory profile, which had lower microbicidal 3 activity and phagocytic E. cuniculi spores were seen with the extrusion of the polar tubule, which is an important mechanism of evasion of the immune response. The results showed the importance of B-1 cells in the modulation of macrophage function against E. cuniculi infection, increasing microbicidal activity, and reducing the fungal mechanisms involved in the evasion of the immune response. IntroductionMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular spore-forming microorganisms that can infect a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate species. These fungi have been recognized as human pathogens and are particularly harmful to immunodeficient patients infected with HIV. Since then, interest among researchers of in vitro culture techniques has increased, with more people studying their biology and immune response against them [1].Encephalitozoon cuniculi is one of the most common microsporidian species, in humans or animals. It is considered to be an emerg...

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Section: Nevertheless B-1 Cells Are Critical For the Early Control Osupporting

confidence: 87%