B and T cell imbalances in CSF of patients with Hu-antibody associated PNS

Graaf, Marieke de; Beukelaar, Janet de; Bergsma, Jelmer; Kraan, Jaco; Bent, Martin J. van den; Klimek, Markus; Norden, Yvette van; Kusuma, A.; Smitt, Peter Sillevis; Gratama, Jan W.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.01.007

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Addition of counting beads to the monoclonal antibody-stained CSF cell suspension allows accurate enumeration of absolute numbers of cell subsets (31). By using this technique, we showed that PNS patients stood out by highly increased absolute counts of the major lymphocyte subsets in CSF, but above all, by B-lymphocyte counts that had increased more than 20-fold as compared to controls without neurological disease (35). In these patients, the frequency of B-lymphocytes (expressed as fraction of lymphocytes) had increased only three-fold (35).…”

Section: Absolute Cell Countsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…By using this technique, we showed that PNS patients stood out by highly increased absolute counts of the major lymphocyte subsets in CSF, but above all, by B-lymphocyte counts that had increased more than 20-fold as compared to controls without neurological disease (35). In these patients, the frequency of B-lymphocytes (expressed as fraction of lymphocytes) had increased only three-fold (35). When merely frequencies would have been studied, this enormous B-lymphocyte expansion suggesting an important role for these cells in PNS, would have remained unnoticed.…”

Section: Absolute Cell Countsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We and others have reported on CSF lymphocyte subsets in patients with PNS. In PNS associated with anti-Hu antibodies, CSF is characterized by (i) a very substantial (20-fold) B-lymphocyte expansion and (ii) a three-fold T-cell expansion (including both CD4 þ and CD8 þ subsets) compared to controls (35). Children with paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome had normal CSF cell counts, but higher percentages of B lymphocytes (80,81), activated T lymphocytes and cd-T lymphocytes, lower percentages of CD4 þ T lymphocytes and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (81) compared to NIND controls.…”

Section: Inflammatory Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow cytometric characterization of cerebrospinal fluid cells

Graaf

Jongste

Kraan

et al. 2011

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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Flow cytometry facilitates the detection of a large spectrum of cellular characteristics on a per cell basis, determination of absolute cell numbers and detection of rare events with high sensitivity and specificity. White blood cell (WBC) counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important for the diagnosis of many neurological disorders. WBC counting and differential can be performed by microscopy, hematology analyzers, or flow cytometry. Flow cytometry of CSF is increasingly being considered as the method of choice in patients suspected of leptomeningeal localization of hematological malignancies. Additionally, in several neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, flow cytometry is commonly performed to obtain insight into the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. Technically, the low cellularity of CSF samples, combined with the rapidly declining WBC viability, makes CSF flow cytometry challenging. Comparison of flow cytometry with microscopic and molecular techniques shows that each technique has its own advantages and is ideally combined. We expect that increasing the number of flow cytometric parameters that can be simultaneously studied within one sample, will further refine the information on CSF cell subsets in low-cellular CSF samples and enable to define cell populations more accurately. V C 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society

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Section: Absolute Cell Countsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Absolute Cell Countsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Inflammatory Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow cytometric characterization of cerebrospinal fluid cells

Graaf

Jongste

Kraan

et al. 2011

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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120

115

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“…In our earlier work, PNS patients stood out by highly increased absolute counts of the major lymphocyte subsets in CSF, but above all, by B-cell counts that had increased more than 20-fold as compared with controls without neurological disease (5). This indicates that assessment of absolute counts is also important in CSF and therefore knowledge of normal values is essential.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, the presence of relatively low numbers of cells with rapidly decreasing viability after sampling makes reliable identification and enumeration of leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets in CSF difficult (2). Earlier studies have described the distribution of specific lymphocyte subsets in CSF of patients with neuro-inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuroborreliosis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) in order to investigate the immunopathogenesis of these diseases (3)(4)(5)(6). In those studies, patients with other inflammatory or noninflammatory neurological disorders were frequently included as controls instead of individuals without neurological disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid

et al. 2010

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Background: To use cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune phenotyping as a diagnostic and research tool, we have set out to establish reference values of white blood cell (WBC) subsets in CSF.Methods: We assessed the absolute numbers and percentages of WBC subsets by 6-color flow cytometry in paired CSF and blood samples of 84 individuals without neurological disease who underwent spinal anaesthesia for surgery. Leukocyte (i.e., lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes), lymphocyte (i.e., T [CD4 1 and CD8

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Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Kraan

Gratama

Haı̈oun³

et al. 2008

CP Cytometry

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Leptomeningeal disease is an important adverse complication occurring in patients with B and T cell lymphomas and acute leukemias of lymphoid and myeloid origin. Recent reports suggest that multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotypic assessment of spinal fluid samples could improve the efficiency of detection of CNS involvement, due to its high specificity and greater sensitivity. However, spinal fluid samples are frequently paucicellular with a rapidly decreasing cell viability. Staining of spinal fluid therefore requires dedicated sample storage/transport, staining, and preparation protocols. The Basic Protocol in this unit outlines a consensus multiparameter (3‐ to 8‐color) flow cytometry immunophenotypic protocol for the evaluation of CNS involvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples by neoplastic cells. A Support Protocol describing the simultaneous assessment of surface and cytoplasmic antigens is also provided. Finally, in the Alternate Protocol, we describe a method to calculate absolute numbers of both normal and pathological cell subpopulations by adding counting beads to the assay. Curr. Protocol. Cytom. 45:6.25.1‐6.25.16. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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B and T cell imbalances in CSF of patients with Hu-antibody associated PNS

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Flow cytometric characterization of cerebrospinal fluid cells

Flow cytometric characterization of cerebrospinal fluid cells

Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid

Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Cerebrospinal Fluid

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