B cell receptor repertoire kinetics after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Kotagiri, Prasanti; Mescia, Federica; Rae, William; Bergamaschi, Laura; Tuong, Zewen Kelvin; Turner, Lorinda; Hunter, Kelvin; Gerber, Pehuén Pereyra; Hosmillo, Myra; Hess, Christoph; Clatworthy, Menna R.; Goodfellow, Ian; Matheson, Nicholas J; McKinney, Eoín; Wills, Mark R.; Gupta, Ravindra; Bradley, John R.; Bashford-Rogers, Rachael; Lyons, Paul; Smith, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110393

Cited by 39 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In addition to this, T cell memory also plays an important role in protection. The way in which these aspects of memory are impacted by different vaccine schedules, and by infection itself 37 , in different ethnic groups, will be important in optimising vaccine strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Factors that Influence vaccine-induced, cross-variant neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in Asians

Shunmuganathan

Qian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The scale and duration of neutralizing antibody responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 viral variants represents a critically important serological parameter that predicts protective immunity for COVID-19. In this study, we present longitudinal data illustrating the impact of age, sex and comorbidities on the kinetics and strength of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses for key variants in an Asian volunteer cohort. We demonstrate a reduction in neutralizing antibody titres across all groups six months post-vaccination and show a marked reduction in the serological binding and neutralizing response targeting Omicron compared to other viral variants. We also highlight the increase in cross-protective neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron induced by a third dose (booster) of vaccine. These data illustrate how key virological factors such as immune escape mutation combined with host factors such as age and sex of the vaccinated individuals influence the strength and duration of cross-protective serological immunity for COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Factors that Influence vaccine-induced, cross-variant neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in Asians

Shunmuganathan

Qian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Mature B cells can react strongly to foreign antigens, resulting in B cell stimulation, clonal expansion, and ultimately, the secretion of high-affinity antibodies in the blood [ 3 ]. During B cell development, single variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes are selected from multiple distinct copies and imprecisely joined to create a B cell receptor (BCR) [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global features of the BCR repertoire have been studied by high-throughput bulk RNA sequencing of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes [ 5–7 ]. IgH BCR repertoires studies showed different usage of V gene and immunoglobulin isotype switch post several types of COVID-19 vaccination or virus infection in subjects [ 8 ]. The usage of IGHV1-24 was increased in the severely infected group during the early stage, while no similar trend was observed post-BNT162B2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgH BCR repertoires studies showed different usage of V gene and immunoglobulin isotype switch post several types of COVID-19 vaccination or virus infection in subjects [ 8 ]. The usage of IGHV1-24 was increased in the severely infected group during the early stage, while no similar trend was observed post-BNT162B2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination [ 8 ]. V genes usage in the IGHV1-69D, IGKV1D-39, and IGLV5-45 were observed to increase after the Ad5-based recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV, trade name: Convidecia™) [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, IGHV1-18, IGHV3-11, IGHV3-23, IGHV4-34 and IGHV4-59 were predominantly used in the total IgH repertoire [ 10 ]. IgM and IgA accounted for the highest ratio post inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, while IgG post mRNA vaccination [ 8 , 10 ]. However, knowledge about the endogenous pairing of heavy and light chain repertoires is lost in most studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative global B cell receptor repertoire difference induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination via single-cell V(D)J sequencing

Liu

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Dynamic changes of the paired heavy and light chain B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire provide an essential insight into understanding the humoral immune response post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, differences between the endogenous paired BCR repertoire kinetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and previously recovered/naïve subjects treated with the inactivated vaccine remain largely unknown. We performed single-cell V(D)J sequencing of B cells from six healthy donors with three shots of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV), five people who received the BBIBP-CorV vaccine after having recovered from COVID-19, five unvaccinated COVID-19 recovered patients and then integrated with public data of B cells from four SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. We discovered that BCR variable (V) genes were more prominently used in the SARS-CoV-2 exposed groups (both in the group with active infection and in the group that had recovered) than in the vaccinated groups. The VH gene that expanded the most after SARS-CoV-2 infection was IGHV3-33, while IGHV3-23 in the vaccinated groups. SARS-CoV-2-infected group enhanced more BCR clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation than the vaccinated healthy group. A small proportion of public clonotypes were shared between the SARS-CoV-2 infected, vaccinated healthy, and recovered groups. Moreover, several public antibodies had been identified against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We comprehensively characterize the paired heavy and light chain BCR repertoire from SARS-CoV-2 infection to vaccination, providing further guidance for the development of the next-generation precision vaccine.

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Immunoassay and mass cytometry revealed immunological profiles induced by inactivated BBIBP COVID‐19 vaccine

Cheng

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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With the global prevalence of COVID‐19 and the constant emergence of viral variants, boosters for COVID‐19 vaccines to enhance antibody titers in human bodies will become an inevitable trend. However, there is a lack of data on antibody levels and the protective effects of booster injections. This study monitored and analyzed the antibody potency and the antibody responses induced by the booster injection in the subjects who received three vaccine doses. The study was conducted in a multicenter collaboration and recruited 360 healthy adults aged 20–74. Participants received the first, second, and booster doses of inactivated Sinopharm/BBIBP COVID‐19 vaccine at 0, 1, and 7 months. Vaccine‐induced virus‐specific antibody levels (SARS‐COV‐2‐IgA/IgM/IgG) were monitored at multiple time points, surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), and the spatial distribution and proportion of immune cells and markers were analyzed using the CyTOF method before vaccination and a month after the second dose. The titers of SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgA/IgM/IgG and neutralizing antibodies increased to a high level in the first month after receiving the second dose of vaccine and declined slowly after that. The antibody levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgG and sVNT were significantly increased at 0.5 months after the induction of the booster ( p < 0.05). Despite a downward trend, the antibody levels were still high in the following 6 months. The B cell concentration (in humoral sample) a month after the second injection was significantly reduced compared to that before the vaccine injection ( p < 0.05). The proportion of the C01 cell cluster was significantly decreased compared with that before vaccine injection ( p < 0.05). Individual cell surface markers showed distinctions in spatial distribution but were not significantly different. This study has shown that serum antibody titer levels will decrease with time by monitoring and analyzing the antibody efficacy and the antibody reaction caused by the booster injection of healthy people who received the whole vaccination (completed three injections). Still, the significant peak of the antibody titer levels after booster highlights the recall immune response. It can maintain a high concentration of antibody levels for a long time, which signifies that the protection ability has been enhanced following the injection of booster immunization. Additionally, CyTOF data shows the active production of antibodies and the change in the immunity environment.

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B cell receptor repertoire kinetics after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Cited by 39 publications

References 93 publications

Defining Factors that Influence vaccine-induced, cross-variant neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in Asians

Defining Factors that Influence vaccine-induced, cross-variant neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in Asians

Comparative global B cell receptor repertoire difference induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination via single-cell V(D)J sequencing

Immunoassay and mass cytometry revealed immunological profiles induced by inactivated BBIBP COVID‐19 vaccine

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