B chromosome polymorphism in Korean rye populations

Romera, F; Vega, Maximiliano Rodrigo; Díez, M; Puertas, M. J.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1989.16

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is evident that the experimental populations planted with the synthetic natural frequencies of B chromosomes viability and fertility were estimated, and the results are shown in Table 4. As we already knew that B chromosomes decrease fertility in Paldang and Puyo in Madrid (Romera et al, 1989), two-way ANOVAS were made to see whether Bs had any differential influence on fertility in the two localities. The results of the ANOVAS are shown in Table 5, where it can be seen that the interaction between locality and B number is not significant for Puyo for all variables, and significant for Paldang for only grains per spike and grains per flower.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have already demonstrated (Romera et a!., 1989) that the non-Mendelian accumulation mechanisms of B chromosomes, and their harmful effect on fertility, cannot account for the establishment of equilibria at different frequencies in different populations. In our opinion, the genes that control the transmission rate of B chromosomes (Romera et a!., 1991) are the main factors that determine the range of frequencies at which a population can carry Bs in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a recent paper (Romera et al, 1989) we reported a quantitative analysis of these two opposing factors in four Korean populations with different frequencies of Bs, where we found that both the behaviour of B chromosomes during male gametogenesis and the decrease in fertility were similar in all populations. We therefore concluded that the balance between these two factors cannot account for the establishment of equilibria at different frequencies in different populations, although these features are essential for the existence of the polymorphism for B chromosomes within a population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors controlling the dynamics of the B chromosome polymorphism in Korean rye

1991

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In order to test if a particular rye population has a specific frequency of B chromosomes or, on the contrary, if it can tolerate Bs over a wide range of frequencies, we have studied the transmission of Bs in two Korean varieties which differ in their natural B frequencies. Synthetic populations were made for each variety which carried Bs at both the natural frequency as well as at the frequency of the alternative population. The populations were open pollinated, and the frequencies of the Bs were studied over three generations. The experiment was duplicated in two different environments and the variables of viability and fertility were also compared.Fertility was lower in the 2B than in the OB plants, and it was much lower again in the 4B ones. Viability was not dependent on the number of Bs. The results were similar for both environments and this finding argues against an adaptive role for B chromosomes.The frequency of Bs in the populations sown at their natural frequencies remained constant over the generations in both environments, while the Bs of both varieties tended to move towards their natural frequencies after they were experimentally changed.There was a strong tendency for the proportion of plants with Bs in the variety with a high natural frequency to increase, while the tendency for the proportion of plants with Bs in the variety with a low natural frequency to decrease was less. These results indicate just how strong are the forces which maintain Bs in populations in the face of their harmful effects upon fertility.In our opinion the genes that control B transmission rates are the main factors that determine the range of frequencies at which a natural population can carry B chromosomes, while the tendency to recover natural frequencies rapidly following a disturbance is due to frequency-dependent selection and to a maternal imprinting effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors controlling the dynamics of the B chromosome polymorphism in Korean rye

1991

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“…the peculiar meiosis (Kishikawa, 1965), pollen mitosis (Muntzing, 1946) and differential fertilization (Puertas et al, 1986(Puertas et al, , 1988. These three features produce accumulation mechanisms which, together with the harmful effects of Bs on the fitness of carriers (Muntzing, 1963;Puertas et at., 1985;Romera et a!., 1989>, bring about the maintenance of B chromosome polymorphisms in populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of the rate of transmission of rye B chromosomes. I. Effects in 2B × 0B crosses

1991

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Selection for plants showing low or high transmission rates of B chromosomes demonstrates the existence of genotypes which affect this character. The results suggest that the gene or genes involved in this control are located in the A chromosomes. It is shown that plants from the low transmission rate class tend to lose B chromosomes, while plants from the high transmission rate class tend to accumulate Bs. It is therefore concluded that these genotypes can influence the frequency of B chromosomes in different populations.

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“…This strong drive is counteracted at two levels. Firstly, the Bs have harmful effects on fertility (Romera et al, 1989;Jones, 1991;Jiménez et al, 1994). Secondly, Bs may form univalents that frequently do not reach the gametes (Jiménez et al, 1997).…”

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The parasitic effects of rye B chromosomes might be beneficial in the long term

González‐Sánchez¹,

Chiavarino²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Rye B chromosomes (Bs) have strong parasitic effects on fertility. B carrying plants are less fertile than 0B ones, whereas the Bs have no significant effects on plant vigour. On the other hand, it has been reported that B transmission is under genetic control in such a way that H line plants transmit the Bs at high frequency, whereas the Bs in the low B transmission rate line (L) fail to pair at metaphase I and are frequently lost. In the present work we analyse variables affecting vigour and fertility considering not only the number of Bs of each plant, but also its H or L status and the B number of its maternal parent. Our results show that the Bs not only decrease female fertility of the B carrier, but the fertility of its progeny, with the exception of 0B plants coming from a 4B mother, which are the most fertile. In this way B chromosomes can be considered as a selective factor. Pollen abortion was higher in B carriers, in the progeny of B carriers and in H plants, but 4B plants coming from B carrying mothers produce less aborted pollen, indicating that a high B number is more deleterious if it is transmitted in the pollen grains. A similar result was obtained for endosperm quality estimated as grain weight, because it is negatively influenced by the Bs in 4B plants coming from a 0B mother. H plants were always less fertile than L ones, indicating that alleles increasing the loss of Bs in the L line will be probably selected as a defence of the A genome against the invasive Bs of the H line. Flower number is not affected by the Bs.

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B chromosome polymorphism in Korean rye populations

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Factors controlling the dynamics of the B chromosome polymorphism in Korean rye

Factors controlling the dynamics of the B chromosome polymorphism in Korean rye

Genetic control of the rate of transmission of rye B chromosomes. I. Effects in 2B × 0B crosses

The parasitic effects of rye B chromosomes might be beneficial in the long term

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