Low temperature regulation of theArabidopsisCBF family of AP2 transcriptional activators as an early step in cold‐inducedCORgene expression

Gilmour, Sarah J.; Zarka, Daniel G.; Stockinger, Eric J.; Salazar, Maite P.; Houghton, Jaimie M.; Thomashow, Michael F.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00310.x

Cited by 1,044 publications

(840 citation statements)

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“…1A; Gilmour et al, 1998;Liu et al, 1998;Medina et al, 1999). In our experiments, CBF transcript levels reached a maximum at about 3 h and then declined significantly, but remained elevated over those found in warm-grown plants over the course of the 3-week experiment.…”

Section: Cbf Transcripts Accumulate In Response To Cold Shock and A Gsupporting

confidence: 49%

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

et al. 2003

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The Arabidopsis CBF1, 2, and 3 genes (also known as DREB1b, c, and a, respectively) encode transcriptional activators that have a central role in cold tolerance. CBF1-3 are rapidly induced upon exposing plants to low temperature, followed by expression of CBF-targeted genes, the CBF regulon, resulting in an increase in plant freezing tolerance. At present, little is known about the cold-sensing mechanism that controls CBF expression. Results presented here indicate that this mechanism does not require a cold shock to bring about the accumulation of CBF transcripts, but instead, absolute temperature is monitored with a greater degree of input, i.e. lower temperature, resulting in a greater output, i.e. higher levels of CBF transcripts. Temperature-shift experiments also indicate that the cold-sensing mechanism becomes desensitized to a given low temperature, such as 4°C, and that resensitization to that temperature requires between 8 and 24 h at warm temperature. Gene fusion experiments identified a 125-bp section of the CBF2 promoter that is sufficient to impart cold-responsive gene expression. Mutational analysis of this cold-responsive region identified two promoter segments that work in concert to impart robust cold-regulated gene expression. These sequences, designated ICEr1 and ICEr2 (induction of CBF expression region 1 or 2), were also shown to stimulate transcription in response to mechanical agitation and the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide.Many plants increase in freezing tolerance in response to low nonfreezing temperatures, a phenomenon known as cold acclimation (Guy, 1990;Thomashow, 1999). In Arabidopsis, cold acclimation involves action of the CBF cold-response pathway (Thomashow, 2001). Within 15 min of exposing plants to low temperatures, transcripts accumulate for a family of genes designated CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3 Jaglo-Ottosen et al., 1998; Medina et al., 1999), or DREB1b, DREB1c, and DREB1a (Liu et al., 1998), respectively, which encode transcriptional activators that are members of the AP2/EREBP family of DNA-binding proteins (Riechmann and Meyerowitz, 1998). These transcription factors bind the cold-and dehydration-responsive DNA regulatory element designated the CRT (C-repeat)/ DRE (dehydration response element); (Baker et al., 1994;Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki, 1994;Stockinger et al., 1997) that is present in the promoters of COR and many other cold-responsive genes and stimulate their transcription. Expression of the CBF regulon of target genes then leads to an increase in freezing tolerance Jaglo-Ottosen et al., 1998;Liu et al., 1998;Kasuga et al., 1999). Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to the enhancement of freezing tolerance, including the synthesis of cryoprotective polypeptides, such as COR15a (Artus et al., 1996;Steponkus et al., 1998), and the accumulation of compatible solutes that have cryoprotective properties, including Suc, raffinose, and Pro (Nanjo et al., 1999;Gilmour et al., 2000;Taji et al., 2002).Currently, little is known about how the CBF gen...

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Section: Cbf Transcripts Accumulate In Response To Cold Shock and A Gsupporting

confidence: 49%

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

et al. 2003

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“…Among the different genes that are activated in MtCBF4-overexpressing plants, at least MtCAS15 is directly up-regulated by MtCBF4. In Arabidopsis, COR genes are induced by cold stress via CBF TFs and are positively associated with freezing tolerance (Gilmour et al, 1998;Maruyama et al, 2004;Vogel et al, 2005). In M. truncatula, we show here that a CBF directly activates the expression level of a CAS gene and enhances freezing tolerance, suggesting that the regulation of cold acclimation genes by CBFs is evolutionarily conserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…AtCBF1 to AtCBF3 TFs bind DRE cis-elements and induce cold-responsive (COR) gene expression (Gilmour et al, 1998;Shinwari et al, 1998;Maruyama et al, 2004;Vogel et al, 2005) and, consequently, improve freezing tolerance (Gilmour et al, 2004). In addition, CBF gene expression is tightly regulated by calcium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Opposing control by transcription factors MYB61 and MYB3 Increases Freezing Tolerance by relieving C-repeat Binding Factor suppression

Zhang

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0003-0210-9408 (Z.Z.); 0000-0002-6839-3272 (X.H.); 0000-0001-5113-7750 (J.W.); 0000-0002-5098-8681 (J.D.).Cold acclimation is an important process by which plants respond to low temperature and enhance their winter hardiness. C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1 (CBF1), CBF2, and CBF3 genes were shown previously to participate in cold acclimation in Medicago truncatula. In addition, MtCBF4 is transcriptionally induced by salt, drought, and cold stresses. We show here that MtCBF4, shown previously to enhance drought and salt tolerance, also positively regulates cold acclimation and freezing tolerance. To identify molecular factors acting upstream and downstream of the MtCBF4 transcription factor (TF) in cold responses, we first identified genes that are differentially regulated upon MtCBF4 overexpression using RNAseq Digital Gene Expression Profiling. Among these, we showed that MtCBF4 directly activates the transcription of the COLD ACCLIMATION SPECIFIC15 (MtCAS15) gene. To gain insights into how MtCBF4 is transcriptionally regulated in response to cold, an R2R3-MYB TF, MtMYB3, was identified based on a yeast one-hybrid screen as binding directly to MYB cis-elements in the MtCBF4 promoter, leading to the inhibition of MtCBF4 expression. In addition, another MYB TF, MtMYB61, identified as an interactor of MtMYB3, can relieve the inhibitory effect of MtMYB3 on MtCBF4 transcription. This study, therefore, supports a model describing how MtCBF4 is regulated by antagonistic MtMYB3/MtMYB61 TFs, leading to the up-regulation of downstream targets such as MtCAS15 acting in cold acclimation in M. truncatula.

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“…These three genes belong to subclade III-b of the ERF and could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of other CS genes containing DRE-like elements, similarly to what has been described for members of subclade III-c. The subclade III-c members (CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3) are induced by low temperature and activate transcription of genes with DRE elements in their promoters (Gilmour et al 1998(Gilmour et al , 2004. Interestingly, cold induction of these three CBF genes is controlled by the circadian clock (Fowler et al 2005) and links circadian rhythmicity with the transcriptional activation of genes containing DRE elements in their promoters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-Specific Expression of Host Genes During Downy Mildew Infection of Arabidopsis

Huibers¹,

Jong²,

Dekter³

et al. 2009

MPMI

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Here, we report on the identification of Arabidopsis genes that are induced during compatible but not during incompatible interactions with the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. This set of so-called compatible specific (CS) genes contrasts with the large group of defense-associated genes that is differentially expressed during both compatible and incompatible interactions. From the 17 identified CS genes, 6 belong to the ethylene response factor (ERF) family of transcription factor genes, suggesting that these ERF have a role during compatibility. The majority of CS genes are differentially regulated in response to various forms of abiotic stress. In silico analysis of the CS genes revealed an over-representation of dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1A/ CBF3) binding sites and EveningElement motifs in their promoter regions. The CS-ERF are closely related to the CBF transcription factors and could potentially bind the DREB1A/CBF3 promoter elements in the CS genes. Transcript levels of CS genes peak at 2 to 3 days postinoculation, when pathogen growth is highest, and decline at later stages of infection. The induction of several CS genes was found to be isolate specific. This suggests that the identified CS genes could be the direct or indirect targets of downy mildew effector proteins that promote disease susceptibility.

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Low temperature regulation of theArabidopsisCBF family of AP2 transcriptional activators as an early step in cold‐inducedCORgene expression

Cited by 1,044 publications

References 41 publications

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

Cold Induction of Arabidopsis CBF Genes Involves Multiple ICE (Inducer of CBF Expression) Promoter Elements and a Cold-Regulatory Circuit That Is Desensitized by Low Temperature

Opposing control by transcription factors MYB61 and MYB3 Increases Freezing Tolerance by relieving C-repeat Binding Factor suppression

Disease-Specific Expression of Host Genes During Downy Mildew Infection of Arabidopsis

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