PO-0260a Efficacy Of Mobile Phone Use On Adherence To Nevirapine Prophylaxis And Retention In Care Among The Hiv-exposed Infants In Pmtct: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background and objective Bacterial infectioins in particular meningitis, pneumonia and septicemia are still some of the most causes of mortalities in children. The aim of present study was to identify the most common bacterial agents causing infectionis in children under 14 and detection of antibiotic resistance paterns. Material and methods During two years,1897 samples were obtained from the patients suspected bacterial infectioins. They were investigated for bacterial cultures, age, sex and antibiogram patterns. The species were identified by biochemical and serological methods.Results Of 1897 samples, 563 (29.6%) had positve bacterial culture. Of these 74.7% were gram negative and 25.3% gram positive. The most common species were Escherichia coli (34.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), Psuedomonas aeroginosa (12.4%), Kelebsiella (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.7%). The most effective antibiotics against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria were ceftriaoxne, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, amikacin and gentamycin. Conclusion The gram negative bacteria in particular Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeroginosa and Kelebsiella are the predominant causes of bacterial infections in children under 14 in these regions. Most species showed a high relative resisitance to routine antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol.

Meta-analysis of Mobile Phone Reminders on HIV Patients’ Retention to Care

“…The pooled sample for the five RCTs is 1,135. 27,28,31,33,38 Mobile phone reminders significantly improved clinic attendance compared to usual care (pooled OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.11–3.74).…”

A systematic review of interventions to improve postpartum retention of women in PMTCT and ART care

“…found that two-way text messaging was associated with an increase in the percentage of patients who attended a postpartum visit within eight weeks of delivery (RR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.02–2.70) [19], and Kebaya et al . found that biweekly phone calls during the first 10 weeks postpartum were associated with a higher proportion of mother-infant pairs attending the MCH clinic at six weeks (RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07–1.68) and at 10 weeks postpartum (RR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.34–2.58) [20]. A likely reason for which the retention rates in the study by Kebaya et al .…”

“…[19], and 37.3% at 10 weeks postpartum in Kebaya et al . [20]), which may limit the generalizability of the findings to settings with higher retention and could (partially) explain the lack of effect found by Schwartz et al . [21].…”

“…However, these interventions also tend to be more costly and complex to implement. While the effect sizes are modest, the two randomized trials on phone calls and/or text messages included in this review showed that simple singular interventions can significantly improve postpartum ART retention [19,20]. Thus, even though multifaceted interventions may be needed to achieve near-perfect retention, it is unclear whether simple singular interventions or more complex multifaceted interventions will prove to be more cost-effective in improving postpartum retention in health systems that currently experience a high rate of loss to follow-up of postpartum women living with HIV.…”

“…Two randomized studies, both of moderate quality according to GRADE criteria, found that the use of text messaging and/or phone calls was associated with improved clinic attendance postpartum ( Table 7). Odeny et al found that two-way text messaging was associated with an increase in the percentage of patients who attended a postpartum visit within eight weeks of delivery (RR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.02Á2.70) [19], and Kebaya et al found that biweekly phone calls during the first 10 weeks postpartum were associated with a higher proportion of mother-infant pairs attending the MCH clinic at six weeks (RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07Á1.68) and at 10 weeks postpartum (RR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.34Á2.58) [20]. A likely reason for which the retention rates in the study by Kebaya et al are significantly higher than those by Odeny et al is that the former assessed retention between delivery and six/ten weeks postpartum, while Odeny et al measured retention during the longer time period between (antepartum) enrolment and eight weeks postpartum.…”