<b>Prevalence Pattern of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Nigeria: A Four Decade Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</b>

Abdullahi, Idris Nasir; Akande, Azeez Oyebanji; Muhammed, Yusuf; Rogo, Lawal Dahiru; Oderinde, Bamidele Soji

doi:10.1080/20477724.2020.1743087

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Chikungunya virus has re-emerged in many parts of the world and is considered to be a continuous global threat [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The reason for this resurgence is not fully elucidated, but is believed to be multifactorial, such as increased vector susceptibility and perhaps climate change [ 6 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

et al. 2021

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Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus belonging to the family Togaviridae that is transmitted to humans by an infected Aedes mosquito. Patients develop fever, inflammatory arthritis, and rash during the acute stage of infection. Although the illness is self-limiting, atypical and severe cases are not uncommon, and 60% may develop chronic symptoms that persist for months or even for longer durations. Having a distinct periodical epidemiologic outbreak pattern, chikungunya virus reappeared in Thailand in December 2018. Here, we describe a cohort of acute chikungunya patients who had presented to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during October 2019. Infection was detected by a novel antigen kit and subsequently confirmed by real-time RT-PCR using serum collected at presentation to the Fever Clinic. Other possible acute febrile illnesses such as influenza, dengue, and malaria were excluded. We explored the sequence of clinical manifestations at presentation during the acute phase and associated the viral load with the clinical findings. Most of the patients were healthy individuals in their forties. Fever and arthralgia were the predominant clinical manifestations found in this patient cohort, with a small proportion of patients with systemic symptoms. Higher viral loads were associated with arthralgia, and arthralgia with the involvement of the large joints was more common in female patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, these symptoms are also nonspecific to WNV. Hence, WNV-infected individuals could be misdiagnosed with other febrile illnesses, especially in areas with evidence of flavivirus co-circulation [ 40 ]. Consequently, WNV testing using RT-PCR should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with non-specific febrile illnesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While RT-PCR is considered very accurate, paired WNV IgM could also be performed. The combination of WNV IgM and viral RNA can further enhance the detection rate of WNV [ 40 , 41 ]. However, among the 13 studies on human populations included this review, only 3 used a combination of serological and molecular assays for the diagnosis of WNV infection [ 10 , 22 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Pattern and Prevalence of West Nile Virus Infection in Nigeria; 1950 to 2020 Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne and zoonotic viral infection which is largely underestimated in Nigeria. This study sought to determine the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria. Methods: A systematic review of eligible articles was conducted from "PubMed", "Scopus", "Google Scholar" and "Web of Science", from 1 st January 1950 to 30 th August 2020. Peer-reviewed articles describing WNV infection of humans and animals in cross-sectional studies were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Cochrane Q was used to determine the heterogeneity of studies reports. Results: About 61.5% human studies had low risk of bias. Howewer, all had high heterogeneity. Southwestern Nigeria had the highest pooled prevalence of anti-WNV IgM, 7.8% in humans. The pooled WNV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 7.1% (95% CI: 5.9-8.3) and 76.5% (95% CI: 74.0-78.8), respectively. The WNV RNA prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.4-2.9), while 14.3% (95% CI: 12.9-15.8) had WNV neutralizing antibodies. In animals, the pooled WNV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 90.3% (95% CI: 84.3-94.6) and 3.5% (95% CI: 1.9-5.8), respectively while 20.0% (95% CI: 12.9-21.4) had WNV neutralizing antibodies. Age (OR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.87-7.45; p=0.0002) and level of education [no formal education (OR=4.31, CI: 1.08-17.2; E p u b a h e a d o f p r i n t 2 p=0.0386), primary (OR=7.29, 95% CI: 1.80-29.6; p=0.0054)], were significant risk factors of WNV IgM seropositivity in humans. Conclusion: Findings from this study highlighted the endemicity of WNV infection in animals and humans in Nigeria and underscored the need for "One health" prevention and control approach against WNV infection.

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“…Chikungunya is often considered a mild illness and its public health impact underestimated in Africa and the Middle East despite the fact that greater severity and long-term sequelae have been reported increasingly in recent years. [1][2][3] First isolated in Tanzania in 1952, [4] Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was implicated in rural outbreaks and sporadic cases across Africa until 1980 when it effectively disappeared. In 2004, however, it reappeared with a vengeance in a pandemic that spread from Kenya to the Indian Ocean islands and Asia, causing millions of infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,6] In central Africa, sizeable CHIKV outbreaks in cities signalled a major shift in transmission to urban settings. [2,3,[7][8][9] Early symptoms of CHIKV are similar to many tropical febrile illnesses but it is differentiated by debilitating arthralgia, often bilaterally and in multiple joints. Other symptoms include headache, gastrointestinal problems, fatigue, asthenia, peripheral oedema and conjunctivitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Kankasha” in Kassala: A prospective observational cohort study of the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, genetic origin, and chronic impact of the 2018 epidemic of Chikungunya virus infection in Kassala, Sudan

et al. 2021

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Background The public health impact of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is often underestimated. Usually considered a mild condition of short duration, recent outbreaks have reported greater incidence of severe illness, fatality, and longer-term disability. In 2018/19, Eastern Sudan experienced the largest epidemic of CHIKV in Africa to date, affecting an estimated 487,600 people. Known locally as Kankasha, this study examines clinical characteristics, risk factors, and phylogenetics of the epidemic in Kassala City. Methodology/Principal findings A prospective cohort of 102 adults and 40 children presenting with chikungunya-like illness were enrolled at Kassala Teaching Hospital in October 2018. Clinical information, socio-demographic data, and sera samples were analysed to confirm diagnosis, characterise illness, and identify viral strain. CHIKV infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in 84.5% (120/142) of participants. Nine (7.5%) CHIKV-positive participants had concurrent Dengue virus (DENV) infection; 34/118 participants (28.8%) had a positive Rapid Diagnostic Test for Plasmodium falciparum; six (5.0%) had haemorrhagic symptoms including two children with life-threatening bleeding. One CHIKV-positive participant died with acute renal injury. Age was not associated with severity of illness although CHIKV-infected participants were younger (p = 0.003). Two to four months post-illness, 63% of adults available for follow-up (30) were still experiencing arthralgia in one or more joints, and 11% remained moderately disabled on Rapid3 assessment. Phylogenetic analysis showed all CHIKV sequences from this study belonged to a single clade within the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. History of contact with an infected person was the only factor associated with infection (p = 0.01), and likely related to being in the same vector environment. Conclusions/Significance Vulnerability to CHIKV remains in Kassala and elsewhere in Sudan due to widespread Aedes aegypti presence and mosquito-fostering household water storage methods. This study highlights the importance of increasing awareness of the severity and impact of CHIKV outbreaks, and the need for urgent actions to reduce transmission risk in households.

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Prevalence Pattern of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Nigeria: A Four Decade Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

Distribution Pattern and Prevalence of West Nile Virus Infection in Nigeria; 1950 to 2020 Systematic Review

“Kankasha” in Kassala: A prospective observational cohort study of the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, genetic origin, and chronic impact of the 2018 epidemic of Chikungunya virus infection in Kassala, Sudan

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