<b>Salivary IgG subclasses in individuals with and without homozygous IGHG gene deletions</b>

Pe, Engström; Norhagen, G; Osipova, L. P.; Helal, Ahmed Noureddine; Wiebe,; Brusco, Alfredo; Ao, Carbonara; Lefranc, Gérard; Lefranc, Michel

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-738.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We showed that IgG and IgA in oral secretions are lower than levels found in the cervix and not reflective of IgG or IgA levels in the cervix. The overall levels of oral IgG and IgA reported here are in agreement with other studies (Norhagen et al, 1989 ; Tamashiro and Constantine, 1994 ; Engstrom et al, 1996 ; Kozlowski et al, 1999 ), and the levels of oral IgG and IgA suggest that the collection device in our study absorbed whole saliva, which consists of all oral mucosa products. Furthermore, these results suggest that our collection and storage method preserved immunoglobulins even though oral fluid contains enzymes capable of degrading proteins such as immunoglobulins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Oral Immunoglobulin Levels are Not a Good Surrogate for Cervical Immunoglobulin Levels

et al. 2012

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Background: We sought to determine whether oral secretions could be used as a surrogate for cervical secretions for monitoring cervical immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. To do so, we examined (1) whether oral IgG and IgA levels correlated with those observed at the cervix, and (2) whether time of menstrual cycle and other factors previously reported to influence cervical Ig levels were associated with oral IgG and IgA levels. Methods: We obtained oral samples from a group of 85 Costa Rican woman 25–35 years of age measured at three time points during one menstrual cycle. Total IgG and IgA levels were measured by ELISA. Generalized estimating equations methods that account for repeated measures were used to evaluate the association between oral and cervical Ig levels and to evaluate the association between various covariates and oral IgA and IgG levels. Results: We did not observe an association between oral and cervical IgG [linear regression coefficient (LRC) 0.01; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.07] and IgA levels (LRC 0.02; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.08). Oral IgG and IgA levels were not influenced by phase of menstrual cycle, in contrast to what has previously been observed for cervical Ig levels. Conclusion: Our data suggest that oral IgG and IgA measures are not a good surrogate for cervical IgG and IgA levels. Future studies should examine whether antigen-specific antibody responses induced by vaccination correlate across mucosal sites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Oral Immunoglobulin Levels are Not a Good Surrogate for Cervical Immunoglobulin Levels

et al. 2012

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“…The first SARS-CoV-2 studies conducted confirm this also for previous SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as COVID-19 mRNA vaccination (11)(12)(13). Although concentrations in blood are considerably higher (14), salivary antibodies are in fact reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) and to the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Interestingly, both S protein and RBD-specific IgG profiles are more consistent and higher in titres compared to secretory IgA in salivary samples and SARS-CoV-2 IgGs are maintained at least for three months (15).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Non-Invasive Antibody Assessment in Saliva to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Young Children

et al. 2021

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Saliva is a body fluid with hitherto unused potential for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Specific antibodies can indicate a past SARS-CoV-2 infection and allow to estimate the proportion of individuals with a potential protective immunity. First, we carefully characterized plasma samples obtained from adult control groups with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection using certified reference ELISAs. Simultaneously collected saliva samples of confirmed convalescent and negative individuals where then used to validate the herein newly developed ELISA for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in saliva. The saliva ELISA was applied to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure in young children (N = 837) in the age between 1 and 10 years in Tübingen, Germany, towards the end of the first pandemic year 2020. Sensitivity and specificity of the new saliva ELISA was 87% and 100%, respectively. With 12% of all Tübingen children sampled via their respective educational institutions, estimates of SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence was 1.6%. Interestingly, only 0.4% preschool kids were positive compared to 3.0% of primary school children. Less than 20% of positive children self-reported symptoms within two months prior to saliva sampling that could be associated - but not exclusively - with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The saliva ELISA is a valid and suitable protocol to enable population-based surveys for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Using non-invasive sampling and saliva ELISA testing, we found that prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly lower in young children than in primary school children.

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“…A critical aspect of B cells is the heterogeneity of the stimulated mature plasmacytes differing in terms of the antigenic specificity representative of the adaptive immune system 8‐10 . We have characterized the human systemic and local antibody responses to a wide array of oral microorganisms and: (a) showed variations in antibody to various oral bacteria and demonstrated differences related to the species of bacteria and the periodontal health/disease characteristics of the subjects 11,12 ; (b) determined variations in the levels of antigen‐specific serum antibody to these microorganisms in a longitudinal, prospective design for correlations with infection and disease progression; (c) characterized outer membrane antigens of multiple pathogenic species; (d) determined the characteristics of gingival crevicular fluid antibody to these bacteria in infected periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy subjects; and (e) have shown that in both GCF and saliva the humoral response against oral bacteria may present an altered distribution resulting in elevated or diminished levels of one or more IgG subclasses 10,13‐20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in IgG antibody subclass responses to oral bacteria: Effects of periodontal disease and modifying factors

Ebersole

Hamzeh

Linh-Trung

et al. 2021

J of Periodontal Research

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Background and objective Local and systemic IgG antibodies or oral bacteria have been described with periodontitis. We extended these observations by assessing the impact of a range of intrinsic factors on serum IgG subclass antibodies to both commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria that would contribute to variations in immune protection or disease susceptibility in periodontitis have not been described. Methods Subjects (n = 278) were classified as healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis and categorized as mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Demographic stratification included sex, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity. Whole formalin‐fixed bacteria were used as antigens to detect serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass antibody levels using an ELISA. Results The greatest differences in variations in IgG subclasses occurred in periodontitis versus health or gingivitis to bacteria considered oral pathogens (eg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola) with IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 increased by three‐ to sevenfold with Pg. Differences in subclass levels and distribution were also observed related to disease severity, particularly related to individual subclass responses to Pg. Examination of the overall population showed that females had elevated antibody, reflected by elevated IgG2 amounts/proportions. The older group of subjects demonstrated elevated antibody to multiple oral bacteria, lacking any particular subclass pattern. IgG2 antibody to Aa and Pg was increased in smokers. Multiple IgG subclass antibody levels to oral pathogens were significantly decreased in the obese subset within this population. Conclusion This investigation identified patterns of IgG subclass antibody responses to oral bacteria and demonstrated substantial effects of disease impacting the level and subclass distribution of antibody to an array of oral bacteria. Altered subclass antibody profiles most often in IgG2 levels and for antibody to P. gingivalis were found related to sex, age, disease severity, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity to both pathogens and commensal bacteria.

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Salivary IgG subclasses in individuals with and without homozygous IGHG gene deletions

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Oral Immunoglobulin Levels are Not a Good Surrogate for Cervical Immunoglobulin Levels

Oral Immunoglobulin Levels are Not a Good Surrogate for Cervical Immunoglobulin Levels

Non-Invasive Antibody Assessment in Saliva to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Young Children

Variations in IgG antibody subclass responses to oral bacteria: Effects of periodontal disease and modifying factors

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