B<scp>IOSYNTHESIS OF</scp> A<scp>SCORBIC</scp> A<scp>CID IN</scp> P<scp>LANTS</scp>: A Renaissance

Smirnoff, Nicholas; Conklin, Patricia L.; Loewus, Frank A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.437

Cited by 395 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…The values represent the mean ± SD of six experiments. The DMIOX1 and the DMIOX2 plants show a strong reduction of inositol incorporation into cell walls intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in animals (Smirnoff et al 2001). In contrast to animals, plants seem to synthesize ascorbate via an L-galactose dependent pathway (Smirnoff et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DMIOX1 and the DMIOX2 plants show a strong reduction of inositol incorporation into cell walls intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in animals (Smirnoff et al 2001). In contrast to animals, plants seem to synthesize ascorbate via an L-galactose dependent pathway (Smirnoff et al 2001). The recent overexpression of an ArabidopsisMIOX gene in Arabidopsis, however, revealed that glucuronic acid might also be an intermediate in another route to ascorbic acid (Lorence et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The inositol oxygenase gene family of Arabidopsis is involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugar precursors for cell-wall matrix polysaccharides

Kanter

Usadel

Guérineau

et al. 2005

Planta

137

141

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The nucleotide sugar UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) is the principal precursor for galacturonic acid, xylose, apiose and arabinose residues of the plant cell-wall polymers. UDP-GlcA can be synthesized by two different functional pathways in Arabidopsis involving either UDP-glucose dehydrogenase or inositol oxygenase as the initial enzyme reaction to channel carbohydrates into a pool of UDP sugars used for cellwall biosynthesis. The genes for the enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) were analyzed in Arabidopsis. They represent a small gene family containing four members. The transcription of all those members indicates a transient and organ-specific gene expression pattern in growing plant tissues as analyzed by RT-PCR and in promoter::GUS reporter gene lines. Two isoforms (MIOX1, MIOX2) are expressed in almost all tissues of the plant, whereas the expression of MIOX4 and MIOX5 is largely restricted to flowers, particularly maturing pollen. T-DNA insertion lines in MIOX genes were isolated; however, single knock-outs show growth phenotypes similar to the wild type. The monosaccharide composition of the cell wall in these mutants is not significantly changed compared to wild type plants. However, the incorporation of 3 H-inositol into wall polymers of seedlings is greatly impaired in the mutant lines DMIOX1 and DMIOX2, which are the only isoforms that are expressed in seedlings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inositol oxygenase gene family of Arabidopsis is involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugar precursors for cell-wall matrix polysaccharides

Kanter

Usadel

Guérineau

et al. 2005

Planta

137

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants is not completely understood. According to Smirnoff et al (2001), ascorbic acid synthesis in plants begins with several precursors, including D-mannose and L-galactose, which arise preferentially via D-galacturonic acid.…”

Section: Growth and Development Of The Pequi Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and maturation of pequi fruit of the Brazilian cerrado

Rodrigues¹,

Paula²,

Pinto³

et al. 2015

Food Sci. Technol (Campinas)

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The objective of this study was to characterize the development of pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense) of the Brazilian cerrado. It takes 84 days (12 weeks) for pequi to develop with the onset of flowering in September and early fruit set in January. Pequi fruit showed a simple sigmoid growth curve, and its growth was characterized based on fresh mass and longitudinal and transverse diameters. The contents of titratable acidity, soluble solids, β-carotene, and vitamin C increased during fruit growth, reaching their maximum values at the 12th week (84 days) after anthesis. Pequi is a fruit with an extremely high respiratory activity; its respiratory rate decreased during its development. Pequi fruit has been classified as a non-climacteric fruit due to the decrease of both respiration and ethylene production rates during maturation and ripening.

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“…Before ROS detection, we measured reduced (AsA) and oxidized (DHA) ascorbic acid content in the plants because AsA is the major antioxidant molecule in plants (Smirnoff et al, 2001). The AsA content was similar in the two accessions and not affected by selenite treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Optimal Levels Of Ros Are Necessary For Selenite Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Ethylene and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Regulates Selenite Resistance in Arabidopsis

2008

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Selenium (Se) is an essential element for many organisms, but excess Se is toxic. To better understand plant Se toxicity and resistance mechanisms, we compared the physiological and molecular responses of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions, Columbia (Col)-0 and Wassilewskija (Ws)-2, to selenite treatment. Measurement of root length Se tolerance index demonstrated a clear difference between selenite-resistant Col-0 and selenite-sensitive Ws-2. Macroarray analysis showed more pronounced selenite-induced increases in mRNA levels of ethylene-or jasmonic acid (JA)-biosynthesis and -inducible genes in Col-0 than in Ws-2. Indeed, Col-0 exhibited higher levels of ethylene and JA. The selenite-sensitive phenotype of Ws-2 was attenuated by treatment with ethylene precursor or methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Conversely, the selenite resistance of Col-0 was reduced in mutants impaired in ethylene or JA biosynthesis or signaling. Genes encoding sulfur (S) transporters and S assimilation enzymes were up-regulated by selenite in Col-0 but not Ws-2. Accordingly, Col-0 contained higher levels of total S and Se and of nonprotein thiols than Ws-2. Glutathione redox status was reduced by selenite in Ws-2 but not in Col-0. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species by selenite was higher in Col-0 than in Ws-2. Together, these results indicate that JA and ethylene play important roles in Se resistance in Arabidopsis. Reactive oxygen species may also have a signaling role, and the resistance mechanism appears to involve enhanced S uptake and reduction.

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS: A Renaissance

Cited by 395 publications

References 158 publications

The inositol oxygenase gene family of Arabidopsis is involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugar precursors for cell-wall matrix polysaccharides

The inositol oxygenase gene family of Arabidopsis is involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugar precursors for cell-wall matrix polysaccharides

Growth and maturation of pequi fruit of the Brazilian cerrado

Cooperative Ethylene and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Regulates Selenite Resistance in Arabidopsis

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