The a epimers of pyridine nucleotides are almost totally inactive as reductants in dehydrogenase reactions. In contrast, the R plasmid R67-specified dihydrofolate reductase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) isolated from trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli utilized a-NADPH and a-NADH in addition to the "normal" 3-epimers. The enzymes from bacterial and mammalian sources used only 13-NADPH and ,B-NADH. The K. value for ax-NADPH (16 ,uM) was 4-fold greater than that for .8-NADPH (4 ,AM), while the maximal velocity of the a-NADPH-catalyzed reaction was 70% of that seen with the .3-NADPH. P-NADP+ and a-NADP+ were competitive inhibitors of the R67 enzyme. Pyridine nucleotide analogues such as deamino-and acetyl-NADPH were used readily by bacterial, plasmid, and mammalian enzymes, whereas thio-NADPH was used only by the plasmid enzyme. These data suggest that the enzyme from R plasmid R67 possesses a pyridine nucleotide binding site different from that of other dihydrofolate reductases and dehydrogenases.