Babesia conradae, sp. Nov., a small canine Babesia identified in California

Kjemtrup, Anne; Wainwright, Katlyn; Miller, Melissa A.; Penzhorn, Barend Louis; Carreno, Ramon A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.044

Cited by 137 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…In 2006, PCR‐sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of this Babesia species revealed a distinct species within a clade of other Babesia ‐like protozoal parasites found in wild animals and humans throughout the western United States; it was re‐named B. conradae 3. Further work described diagnostic and epidemiologic characteristics of the infection and updated the piroplasmal phylogenetic position 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further work described diagnostic and epidemiologic characteristics of the infection and updated the piroplasmal phylogenetic position 3. The epidemiology of B. conradae transmission is still not fully understood; although the organism was found in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, attempts to transmit infection using ticks were unsuccessful 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Dear

Owens

Lindsay

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Babesia conradae is an intraerythrocytic piroplasm infecting dogs in the southern United States. Ticks have been suspected, but unproven, as vectors. We identified B. conradae and other blood‐borne pathogens in 2 kennels of sighthounds with a history of coyote fighting.ObjectivesTo examine clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with B. conradae infection, risk factors for infection, and the prevalence of coinfections with other blood‐borne pathogens.AnimalsFifty‐five Greyhounds and Greyhound mixesMethodsBlood samples were collected from each dog for CBC, serum biochemistry panel, conventional and real‐time PCR assays (Babesia spp., hemoplasmas, Ehrlichia canis, Bartonella spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp.), vector‐borne pathogen ELISA, and immunofluorescent serology and culture for Bartonella spp and Francisella tularensis sero‐agglutination test. Associations between B. conradae infection and coyote fighting, age and laboratory abnormalities were investigated.ResultsTwenty‐nine dogs were PCR‐positive for B. conradae. Of these, 16 were PCR‐positive for other vector‐borne organisms including Mycoplasma haemocanis, “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum,” E. canis, and a Hepatozoon felis‐like organism. Twelve of the 20 dogs tested for seroreactivity to Bartonella spp. antigens were positive, but none were seropositive for tularemia. Infection with B. conradae was associated with a history of aggressive interactions with coyotes; lower hematocrit, leukocyte count, MCHC, platelet count and serum albumin concentration; and higher MCV, MPV, and serum globulin concentration.Conclusions and Clinical Importance Babesia conradae infection should be considered in dogs with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. As with B. gibsoni, aggressive interactions with other canids may play a role in B. conradae transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Dear

Owens

Lindsay

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The most important ticktransmitted infections that cause severe clinical illness in South African dogs are babesiosis (Collett, 2000) and ehrlichiosis (Rautenbach et al, 1991;Van Heerden, 1982). Babesia parasites of dogs can be grouped into two groups based on morphology (Kuttler, 1988): the large babesias, known as the Babesia canis group (Uilenberg et al, 1989) and the small babesias, which include the Babesia gibsoni group, Babesia conradae and Theileria annae (Kjemtrup et al, 2000;Kjemtrup et al, 2006;Zahler et al, 2000). The large babesias of dogs have a wide distribution which includes South Africa (Uilenberg et al, 1989), while the small babesias of dogs occur in South-East Asia, North-East Africa, Spain and the USA (Kjemtrup et al, 2000(Kjemtrup et al, , 2006Zahler www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Veterinary Parasitology 155 (2008) 152-157 et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa

Matjila¹,

Leisewitz²,

Jongejan³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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A total of 1138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) from domestic dogs in South Africa. Specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital (OVAH) in Pretoria, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Johannesburg, Durban, East London and Bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape). All specimens were screened for Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species using PCR and Reverse Line Blot (RLB) assays. On RLB, 560/1137 domestic dog-specimens were positive for one or more parasites. Of the positive domestic dog-specimens, 420 (75%) were infected with Babesia rossi; 82 (15%) dogs were infected with Theileria sp. (dog); 18 (3%) dogs were infected with Babesia vogeli; 14 (3%) specimens were infected with Ehrlichia canis. Mixed infections were also found: B. rossi and E. canis were detected in 12 (2%) specimens; B. vogeli and E. canis occurred in 7 (1%) specimens; Theileria sp. (dog) and E. canis in 3 (0.5%) specimens; B. rossi and B. vogeli in one specimen. B. rossi, B. vogeli and E. canis occurred simultaneously in one dog. There was also one incidental finding of a dog positive for Trypanosoma congolense. The results indicate that a wide range of tick-borne pathogens are circulating in the canine populations in South Africa. #

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“…This species has a global distribution and infections have been reported in Asia, Northern Africa, Middle East, United States, Australia, Brazil and Europe (Jefferies et al 2003;Zahler et al 2000a;Criado-Fornelio et al 2003a;Varshney et al 2003Varshney et al , 2004Varshney et al , 2008Trapp et al 2006;Hartelt et al 2007). Recent molecular researches have shown that Californian isolate of small Babesia is genotypically and phenotypically different from the B. gibsoni group and has thus been named Babesia conradae (Kjemtrup et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of new pathogenic Theileria species in dogs

Dixit

Dixit²,

Varshney³

2010

J Parasit Dis

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Babesiosis, caused by tick-borne haematozoan organisms of the genus Babesia, is a parasitic disease of domestic and wild mammals. Canine Babesidae have historically been classified as ''large Babesia'' (Babesia canis) and ''small Babesia'' (Babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. Recent publications, however, suggest that the diversity of piroplasm species infecting dogs might be greater than previously appreciated. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ssrRNA gene has revealed that canine piroplasms are found in three clades, 'true' Babesia sp. (B. canis and B. gibsoni), Theileria annae and Theileria-like group (B. conradae). This newly recognised piroplasm T. annae appears to be hyperendemic in northwest Spain. The vector for this emergent canine infection remains undescribed, although the Ixodes hexagonus is suspected based on their presence upon the dogs in NW Spain and the relative absence of others. These observations have introduced a major change in the approach to the epidemiology of babesiosis in dogs. More clinical samples and data will need to be collected and analyzed to understand the importance of Theileria species in dogs.

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Babesia conradae, sp. Nov., a small canine Babesia identified in California

Cited by 137 publications

References 23 publications

Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa

Evidence of new pathogenic Theileria species in dogs

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