Bach Speaks: A Cortical “Language-Network” Serves the Processing of Music

Koelsch, Stefan

doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)91154-7

Cited by 173 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This finding was taken to indicate that the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of the P600 are not only activated by the processing of language, but also by the processing of music (Patel et al, 1998;Patel, 1998). With respect of similarities between music and language processing, it is interesting to note that the hypothesis of shared neural circuits underlying the generation of music-and language-related ERP components such as ERAN/ELAN, or P600, is supported by the findings that brain structures involved in the processing of language also play an important role for the processing of music (Platel et al, 1997;Liegeois-Chauvel et al, 1998;Peretz et al, 1994;Zatorre et al, 1994;Wallin et al, 2000;Maess et al, 2001;Koelsch et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric brain responses to inappropriate harmonies during listening to expressive music

Koelsch

Mulder

2002

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objectives: Recent studies with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) investigating music processing found (early) negativities with righthemispheric predominance as a response to inappropriate harmonies within sequences of chords. The stimuli used in those studies were fairly artificial in order to control the experimental factors (e.g. variations in tempo and loudness were eliminated). This raises the question of whether these ERPs can also be elicited during listening to more naturalistic stimuli.Methods: Excerpts from classical piano sonatas were taken from commercial CDs and presented to the participants while recording the continuous electroencephalogram. Expected chords and unexpected (transposed) chords were presented at the end of chord-sequences.Results: Unexpected chords elicited a negativity which was maximal around 250 ms, visible over both hemispheres, and preponderant over right temporal leads.Conclusions: The found negativity is strongly reminiscent to both early right anterior negativity and right anterior-temporal negativity, suggesting that cognitive processes underlying these ERP components are not only elicited with fairly artificial experimental stimuli but also when listening to expressive music. q

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric brain responses to inappropriate harmonies during listening to expressive music

Koelsch

Mulder

2002

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…In other words, Broca's aphasia can be understood in terms of difficulties with certain aspects of temporal processing or on-line integration of information. Furthermore, several recent studies have shown that the left inferior frontal region has a broader role in cognition than just language (Hagoort, 2005;Marcus, Vouloumanos, & Sag, 2003), including musical syntax (e.g., Koelsch et al, 2002;Maess, Koelsch, Gunter, & Friederici, 2001) and visuo-spatial sequence processing (Bahlmann, Schubotz, Mueller, Koester, & Friederici, in press). Thus, next to evidence from a study on aphasic patients (Patel, Iversen, Wassenaar, & Hagoort, 2008), a growing body of evidence from functional neuroimaging suggests an overlap in the processing of structural relations in language and music (for a review see Patel, 2003).…”

Section: Dynamic Functional Modularity and The Role Of The Left Infermentioning

confidence: 99%

What artificial grammar learning reveals about the neurobiology of syntax

2012

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a b s t r a c tIn this paper we examine the neurobiological correlates of syntax, the processing of structured sequences, by comparing FMRI results on artificial and natural language syntax. We discuss these and similar findings in the context of formal language and computability theory. We used a simple right-linear unification grammar in an implicit artificial grammar learning paradigm in 32 healthy Dutch university students (natural language FMRI data were already acquired for these participants). We predicted that artificial syntax processing would engage the left inferior frontal region (BA 44/45) and that this activation would overlap with syntax-related variability observed in the natural language experiment. The main findings of this study show that the left inferior frontal region centered on BA 44/45 is active during artificial syntax processing of well-formed (grammatical) sequence independent of local subsequence familiarity. The same region is engaged to a greater extent when a syntactic violation is present and structural unification becomes difficult or impossible. The effects related to artificial syntax in the left inferior frontal region (BA 44/45) were essentially identical when we masked these with activity related to natural syntax in the same subjects. Finally, the medial temporal lobe was deactivated during this operation, consistent with the view that implicit processing does not rely on declarative memory mechanisms that engage the medial temporal lobe. In the context of recent FMRI findings, we raise the question whether Broca's region (or subregions) is specifically related to syntactic movement operations or the processing of hierarchically nested non-adjacent dependencies in the discussion section. We conclude that this is not the case. Instead, we argue that the left inferior frontal region is a generic on-line sequence processor that unifies information from various sources in an incremental and recursive manner, independent of whether there are any processing requirements related to syntactic movement or hierarchically nested structures. In addition, we argue that the Chomsky hierarchy is not directly relevant for neurobiological systems.

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“…Regarding the core common areas, engagement of similar areas for language and music is reasonable to be expected since, after all, music processing shares some circuitry with spoken language processing, especially when subjects are experts in both music and language systems (Koelsch, Gunter, von Cramon, Zysset, & Lohmann, 2002;Patel, Gibson, Ratner, Besson, & Holcomb, 1998;Patel, 2003;Steinbeis & Koelsch, 2008).…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studies Of Music-related Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Burunat

Alluri

Toiviainen

et al. 2014

Cortex

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Sivumäärä -Number of pages 70Tiivistelmä -Abstract Working memory (WM) is at the core of any cognitive function as it is necessary for the integration of information over time. Despite WM's critical role in high-level cognitive functions, its implementation in the neural tissue is poorly understood. Preliminary studies on auditory WM show differences between linguistic and musical memory, leading to the speculation of specific neural networks encoding memory for music. Moreover, in neuroscience WM has not been studied in naturalistic listening conditions but rather in artificial settings (e.g., n-back and Sternberg tasks). Western tonal music provides naturally occurring motivic repetition and variation, recognizable units serving as WM trigger, thus allowing us to study the phenomenon of motif-tracking in the context of real music. Adopting a modern tango as stimulus, behavioural methods were used to identify the stimulus motifs and build a time-course predictor of WM neural responses. This predictor was then correlated with the participants' functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal obtained during a continuous listening condition. Neural correlates related to the sensory processing of a set of musical features were filtered out from the brain responses to music to aid in the exclusive recruitment of executive processes of music-related WM. Correlational analysis revealed a widely distributed network of cortical and subcortical areas, predominantly right-lateralized, responding to the WM condition, including ventral and dorsal areas in the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic areas. Significant subcortical processing areas, active in response to the WM condition, were pruned with the removal of the acoustic content, suggesting these music-related perceptual processing areas might aid in the encoding and retrieval of WM. The pattern of dispersed neural activity indicates WM to emerge coherently from the integration of distributed neural activity spread out over different brain subsystems (motoric-, cognitive-and sensory-related areas of the brain).Asiasanat -Keywords working memory; cognitive neuroscience; music; musical motifs; functional magnetic resonance imaging ( Lashley was attempting to identify the locus of memory within the cortex, and, to do so, first trained rats to run mazes, and then removed various cortical regions. He allowed the animals to recover and tested the retention of the maze-running skills. To his surprise it was not possible to find a particular region corresponding to the ability to remember the way through a maze. Instead all the rats which had had cortex regions removed suffered some kind of impairment, and the extent of the impairment was roughly proportional to the amount of cortex taken off. Removing cortex damaged the motor and sensory capacities of the animals, and they would limp, hop, roll, or stagger, but somehow they always managed to traverse the maze. So far as memory 'as concerned, the cortex appeared to be equipotential, that is, with all regions of eq...

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Bach Speaks: A Cortical “Language-Network” Serves the Processing of Music

Cited by 173 publications

References 64 publications

Electric brain responses to inappropriate harmonies during listening to expressive music

Electric brain responses to inappropriate harmonies during listening to expressive music

What artificial grammar learning reveals about the neurobiology of syntax

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

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