This article brings together historical questions about the nature of
assimilation and the medicalization of migrants in the postwar era, with a focus
on medical writings about migrant patients in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s.
It argues that physicians adopted official assimilation ideologies to construct
a “New Australian patient” whose beliefs and behaviours indicated
a less sophisticated understanding of medicine, and who suffered particular
psychosomatic illnesses and health risks linked to their migration,
socioeconomic status, and linguistic isolation. By making assimilation medical,
these doctors helped bridge the cultural gulf that existed between Australian
doctors and their migrant patients, but they also perpetuated cultural
stereotypes through which certain unassimilable groups were blamed for their own
medical problems.