Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a plant growth promoting bacteria with the interaction with of grass salt Distichlis palmeri (Vasey) under field conditions, in desert of Sonora, Mexico

Abstract

The halophyte Distichlis palmeri (Vasey) is a plant resource with high potential to be harvested in the coastal areas of northwestern Mexico; enlarge the knowledge and domestication for its incursion into the agricultural sector, plays an important role for arid areas with saline intrusion problems. However, its productivity depends on the supplementary supply of nitrogen, as well as other essential macro and micronutrients. The microorganisms considered benefi cial are an alternative to chemical fertilization, highlighting those Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). In the present study, the inoculation of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B.a.) as a halobacterium PGPB was evaluated to know the response in seeds of Distichlis spicata obtained from natural population from colorado river in Delta north of the Gulf of California. Wild seed was collected and germinated previously inoculated with B. a., and sowed in germinated beds. Later, seedlings were planted under fi eld and salinity conditions in the coast of Hermosillo, Sonora. Three treatments were examined (T1: B.a., T2: Chemical fertilization, T3: Negative control), with four repetitions each treatment. Each repetition consisted of experimental plots of 5 x 5 m, with a separation of 1 m between them. The harvest was carried out 600 days after sowing. The results indicate that treatments inoculated with halobacteria B.a., showed signifi cant results in crude protein, non-protein nitrogen, neutral detergent fi ber and acid detergent fi ber, as well as spike length and number of seeds. The results obtained suggests the feasibility of biofertilizers where biomass and seed production are signifi cant compared to non-inoculated controls.

Soil Organic Carbon Development and Turnover in Natural and Disturbed Salt Marsh Environments

“…It is difficult to ascertain whether the preferential loss of specific compounds (i.e., Benner et al, 1987) or microbial reworking and development of microbial derived residues contributes to δ 13 C-CO 2 enrichment and homogenization of F 14 C values with increasing soil depth (Figure 3, Gleixner et al, 2002;Trumbore, 1997Trumbore, , 2009. Transitions in dominant vegetation associated with ecosystem evolution (Kirwan et al, 2011) would have a small effect on our results since S. alterniflora, S. patens, and D. spicata have similar biochemical compositions (Cristina et al, 2018;Haddad & Martens, 1987;Wilson et al, 1986). Thus, the anoxic environment of marsh soils enhances preservation but does not completely inhibit microbial alteration of SOC.…”