Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lysate Ameliorates Photoaging of Human Skin Fibroblasts through NRF2/KEAP1 and TGF-β/SMAD Signaling Pathways

Abstract

More and more research in dermatology and cosmetic science is devoted to the development and application of postbiotic raw materials. In order to explore the anti-photoaging efficacy and application prospect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens lysate (BAL1) on the skin, we used 16 J/cm2 UVA stimulation of human embryonic fibroblasts (CCC-ESF-1) to establish a UVA photodamage model to investigate the anti-photoaging efficacy of BAL1 and its mechanism of action. In this study, we found that BAL1 activated the transcription of downstream antioxidant enzyme genes mainly by promoting the nuclear displacement of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) within CCC-ESF-1, thus increasing the antioxidant capacity of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species in cells. Meanwhile, BAL1 promoted intracellular TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and reduced matrix metalloproteinase expression to alleviate the degradation of extracellular matrix. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the potential benefit of BAL1 in protecting the skin against UVA-induced photoaging and highlight the potential of BAL1 in skin photoprotection.

The Protective Effect of Lycium barbarum Betaine and Effervescent Tablet Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats

“…41 Under normal circumstances, Keap1 anchors Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and prevents Nrf2 from transferring allosterically to the nucleus. 43 One study showed that L barbarum polysaccharide had a protective effect against lead-induced kidney injury in rats by activating the Nrf2 pathway, 44 and another study showed that baicalin activated the Nrf2 pathway to have a protective effect against CCl 4 -induced acute liver damage in mice. 45 Our results showed that compared with the CON group, CCl 4 induced a decrease in the expression of Nrf2 mRNA, HO-1 mRNA, NQO1 mRNA, Nrf2 protein, HO-1 protein, and NQO1 protein and increased expression of Keap1 protein in rat liver.…”

Lactic Acid Bacteria-Derived Exopolysaccharides Mitigate the Oxidative Response via the NRF2-KEAP1 Pathway in PC12 Cells

“…In this context, the spotlight has turned to postbiotics, which are essentially beneficial products derived from probiotic bacteria following their metabolic activities [9]. Notably, EPSs derived from lactic acid bacteria, termed L-EPSs, have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent antioxidant properties [10]. These L-EPSs may counteract the detrimental effects of OS and potentially slow down or reverse the damage resulting from neurodegenerative conditions.…”

“…According to a study by Wang et al [11], EPSs (EPS103) from L. plantarum JLAU103 activated the antioxidation enzymes and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway, thereby exhibiting a protective effect against OS mediated by cyclophosphamide in immune-suppressed mice. In a study by Zhang et al [10], B. amyloliquefaciens lysate (BAL1) with EPS content favored the nuclear transfer of NRF2 in human embryonic fibroblasts (CCC-ESF-1), activating downstream antioxidant enzyme gene transcription and boosting the antioxidant effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes to eliminate higher amounts of intracellular ROS. While the results obtained from our study are similar to those found in these studies, they differ in terms of the bacterial strains from which EPS is used, the stimulating agent, and the cell line/model.…”

“…Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), cell-free fermentation filtrate, bacteriostats, antioxidant peptides, antibacterial peptides, antioxidant enzymes, and other active ingredients represent the most commonly utilized postbiotic categories. EPSs are also exhibit substantial antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities, enabling them to modulate certain physiological reactions by interacting with various molecules or receptors or exploiting various mechanisms employing microbiota homeostasis or host metabolic and signaling pathways [10].…”

“…Wang et al [11] demonstrated that EPSs (EPS103) originated from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JLAU103 showed protective effects in immune-suppressed mice against OS induced by cyclophosphamide through activation of antioxidation enzymes and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway. Zhang et al [10] showed that EPSs contained in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens lysate (BAL1) increased the nuclear displacement of NRF2 and thus triggered the transcription of downstream antioxidant enzyme genes in human embryonic fibroblasts (CCC-ESF-1); in this way, they boosted the antioxidant capacity of antioxidant enzymes to remove the excess amounts of intracellular ROS.…”