Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall cytoskeleton enhances colon cancer radiosensitivity through autophagy

Yuk, Jae–Min; Shin, Dong–Min; Song, Kyoungsub; lim, kyu sang; Kim, Ki-Hye; Lee, Sang‐Hee; Kim, Jin Man; Lee, Ji-Sook; Paik, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Jun-Sang; Jo, Eun-Kyeong

doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10325

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The cell wall skeleton of BCG produces a radiosensitising effect on CRC cells through the induction of autophagic cell death that is predominantly mediated by ROS production43; hence its usefulness in the treatment of bladder cancers. Similarly, bufalin, extracted from an anticancer Chinese medicine known as ‘Chan su’, also induces autophagy cell death mediated by ROS production 44.…”

Section: The Importance Of Autophagy In Colorectal Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy

2014

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in developed countries with poor survival outcome in advanced stages of the disease due to its resistance to chemotherapy and other forms of treatment. New and alternative approaches are needed to overcome the tumour cells’ capacity for survival and to drive the tumour towards cell death. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in the elimination of damaged cellular components through lysosomal degradation and is capable of inducing programmed cell death. The process has recently gained much interest in understanding the pathogenesis of CRC and its potential for treatment of the disease due to its role in host protection and anticancer activity. This review describes and illustrates the fundamental mechanisms of autophagy, its importance as a prognostic marker and the current approaches to harness its protective and anticancer activity in CRC therapy.

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Section: The Importance Of Autophagy In Colorectal Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy

2014

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“…These agents include rapamycin[71],[72], arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) [73]–[75], temozolomide[76]–[78], kringle domains of plasminogen (endostatin kringle 5 ) [79], phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) [80], OSU-03012 (derivative of celecoxib) [81], NVP-BEZ235[82],[83], and cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG/CWS)[84]. In addition, some autophagic inhibitors, such as 3-MA, chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, tamoxifen, and proteasome inhibitor MG-132[51],[85],[86] (Table 1), also inhibit tumorigenesis by playing a protective role in autophagy.…”

Section: Cancer Therapy and Targeted Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating autophagy: a strategy for cancer therapy

Li¹,

Han²,

Xia³

2011

Chin J Cancer

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Autophagy is a process in which long-lived proteins, damaged cell organelles, and other cellular particles are sequestered and degraded. This process is important for maintaining the cellular microenvironment when the cell is under stress. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays a complex role in human diseases, especially in cancer, where it is known to have paradoxical effects. Namely, autophagy provides the energy for metabolism and tumor growth and leads to cell death that promotes tumor suppression. The link between autophagy and cancer is also evident in that some of the genes that regulate Carcinogenesis, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, participate in or impact the autophagy process. Therefore, modulating autophagy will be a valuable topic for cancer therapy. Many studies have shown that autophagy can inhibit the tumor growth when autophagy modulators are combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. These findings suggest that autophagy may be a potent target for cancer therapy.

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“…Cells containing at least three green dots or a green cluster corresponding to microtubule-associated light chain protein 3 (LC3) puncta were determined as autophagic cells; at least 150 cells were counted in triplicate samples. 15 Exposure to radiation or 10 μg/mL or 20 μg/mL NGA-CNPs alone did not lead to the obvious formation of LC3-positive puncta in confocal images ( Figure 7). However, a combination of NGA-CNP and 6 Gy radiation increased the number of LC3-positive puncta relative to those treated with radiation alone (P,0.001 vs 6 Gy radiation only).…”

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confidence: 91%

“…14 Autophagy and consequent cell death can be induced by anticancer drugs in various types of tumor cells, 15 while radiotherapy stimulates both apoptosis and autophagy. 16 Previous studies have shown that gamboges have therapeutic effects on breast and skin cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma; 17 the chemotherapeutic agent neogambogic acid (NGA), an active component of gamboges, demonstrates antitumor potential in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in breast cancer cells

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Radiotherapy is one of the main strategies for cancer treatment but has significant challenges, such as cancer cell resistance and radiation damage to normal tissue. Radiosensitizers that selectively increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy. We report here the development of a novel radiosensitizer consisting of monodispersed ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) covered with the anticancer drug neogambogic acid (NGA-CNPs). These were used in conjunction with radiation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the efficacy and mechanisms of action of this combined treatment approach were evaluated. NGA-CNPs potentiated the toxic effects of radiation, leading to a higher rate of cell death than either treatment used alone and inducing the activation of autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, while pretreatment with NGA or CNPs did not improve the rate of radiation-induced cancer cells death. However, NGA-CNPs decreased both endogenous and radiation-induced reactive oxygen species formation, unlike other nanomaterials. These results suggest that the adjunctive use of NGA-CNPs can increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy in breast cancer treatment by lowering the radiation doses required to kill cancer cells and thereby minimizing collateral damage to healthy adjacent tissue.

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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall cytoskeleton enhances colon cancer radiosensitivity through autophagy

Cited by 71 publications

References 58 publications

The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy

The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy

Modulating autophagy: a strategy for cancer therapy

Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in breast cancer cells

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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall cytoskeleton enhances colon cancer radiosensitivity through autophagy

Cited by 71 publications

References 58 publications

The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy

The significance of autophagy in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapy

Modulating autophagy: a strategy for cancer therapy

Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in&nbsp;breast cancer cells

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Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in breast cancer cells