Bacillus Subtilis 29784 as a Feed Additive for Broilers Shifts the Intestinal Microbial Composition and Supports the Production of Hypoxanthine and Nicotinic Acid

Abstract

The probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain 29784 (Bs29784) has been shown to improve performance in broilers. In this study, we used a metabolomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach to evaluate effects of Bs29874 in the broiler intestine. Nicotinic acid and hypoxanthine were key metabolites that were produced by the strain in vitro and were also found in vivo to be increased in small intestinal content of broilers fed Bs29784 as dietary additive. Both metabolites have well-described anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine. Furthermore, Bs29784 supplementation to the feed significantly altered the ileal microbiome of 13-day-old broilers, thereby increasing the abundance of genus Bacillus, while decreasing genera and OTUs belonging to the Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriacae families. Moreover, Bs29784 did not change the cecal microbial community structure, but specifically enriched members of the family Clostridiales VadinBB60, as well as the butyrate-producing families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The abundance of various OTUs and genera belonging to these families was significantly associated with nicotinic acid levels in the cecum, suggesting a possible cross-feeding between B. subtilis strain 29784 and these beneficial microbes. Taken together, the data indicate that Bs29784 exerts its described probiotic effects through a combined action of its metabolites on both the host and its microbiome.

Alterations in bacterial metabolites, cytokines, and mucosal integrity in the caecum of broilers caused by feed additives and host-related factors

“…However, adding B. subtilis to broiler diets in the present study had no impact on mRNA abundance of all the investigated cytokines and intestinal barrier proteins as well as metabolic activity of bacteria in the caecum. In accordance with the present study, adding B. subtilis ( Choi et al, 2021 ; Erinle et al, 2022 ) and grape seed extract ( Cao et al, 2020 ) to broiler diets had almost no impact on caecal microbiota and their metabolic activity. Other studies, however, have shown the effect of B. subtilis on increasing bacterial SCFA concentration in the ileum ( Aljumaah et al, 2020 ) and jejunum ( Kan et al, 2021 ) of broilers.…”

Effects of the Probiotic, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, as a Substitute for Antibiotics on the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Metabolomics Profile of Female Growing-Finishing Pigs

“…Probiotics substantially increase the concentration of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid [ 70 ]. Consistent with Choi et al, the probiotic group contained higher hypoxanthine and lower lithocholic acid contents [ 71 ]. Interestingly, the levels of amino acids and their derivatives in G0D30 were substantially lower than those in G1D30, and monoacylglyceride levels in G0D30 were substantially higher than those in G1D30.…”

A Novel Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Strain Confers Cytoprotection to Host Pig Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Enterotoxic Escherichia coli Infection

“…Nicotinamide supplementation has been shown to rejuvenate intestinal stem cells from aged mice by modulating the NAD/SIRT1/mTORC1 axis ( 108 ). Probiotic- and microbiota-enhanced NAD biosynthesis has been reported in microbiota-depleted mice ( 109 , 110 ). A protective effect of niacin has been demonstrated in ulcerative colitis via prostaglandin D 2 -mediated D prostanoid receptor 1 activation in dextran sulfate sodium-challenged mice ( 111 ).…”