Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Seed Priming with Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Modulates Physiological Responses of Two Different Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars under Drought Stress

“…It has been suggested that B. subtilis may activate the defense responses of wheat plants through the SA-dependent signaling pathways. With that, it is obvious that different cultivars may have different abilities to cope with environmental stresses, which may be due to both selection peculiarities in different ecological and geographical areas and an imbalance in hormone composition under the influence of B. subtilis [ 1 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…The beneficial plant-endophyte associations may improve plant growth and development through direct and indirect mechanisms: by enhancing mineral uptake, diluting pathogen access through biological competition, producing a variety of bioactive compounds (auxins, biosurfactants, siderophores, enzymes, etc. ), and regulating the level of some important plant hormones including salicylic acid (SA), which plays a key role in augmenting tolerance response under abiotic stresses [ 1 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. However, it is still far from clear how endophytic bacteria regulate the defense systems of host plants and increase plant stress tolerance to drought.…”

Enhanced Performance of Endophytic Bacillus subtilis in Conjunction with Salicylic Acid Meliorated Simultaneous Drought and Fusarium Root Rot Stresses in Triticum aestivum L.

“…Traditionally, chemical pesticides have played a central role in plant protection against diseases and abiotic stresses. However, the negative impact of pesticides on the environment and human health due to their high toxicity and the ability to accumulate in products in quantities exceeding sanitary standards lead to the need to reduce their use in food production and stimulates scientists around the world to show interest in the development of environmentally friendly and safe biologicals based on beneficial bacterial endophytes, such as Bacillus subtilis [4]. B. subtilis capable to improve host-plant growth and induce systemic resistance/tolerance to a wide range of pathogens and abiotic stresses [1,4].…”

“…However, the negative impact of pesticides on the environment and human health due to their high toxicity and the ability to accumulate in products in quantities exceeding sanitary standards lead to the need to reduce their use in food production and stimulates scientists around the world to show interest in the development of environmentally friendly and safe biologicals based on beneficial bacterial endophytes, such as Bacillus subtilis [4]. B. subtilis capable to improve host-plant growth and induce systemic resistance/tolerance to a wide range of pathogens and abiotic stresses [1,4]. One of the main reasons hindering the development of Bacillus-based biologicals is the lack of knowledge underlying interactions between host-plants and endophytic B. subtilis under biotic/abiotic stresses.…”

“…That is why interest is co-application of B. subtilis with other biological methods and unraveling the mechanisms of their actions [1]. Of particular interest is the use of endophytic B. subtilis in combinations with natural and safe signaling molecules with a pronounced anti-stress activity, such as salicylic acid (SA)-a recognized inducer of plant systemic resistance/tolerance to diseases and abiotic stresses [4,5]. To date, a large body of information has accumulated indicating the participation of SA in the regulation of defense reactions of different plant species to phytopathogens and abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, hypo/hyperthermia, heavy metals, etc.)…”