Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

Abstract

This study was performed to identify potential probiotic endophytes from Ageratina adenophora and evaluate their ameliorating effects on gut injury and integrity damage associated with microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed high fat diet. Using morphological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, two bacteria endophytes were identified as strains of Bacillus toyonensis and were named Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 (GenBank No. MW287198) and Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20 (GenBank No. MW287199). Sixty (60) mice were divided into five groups, group 1 was the negative control fed normal diet (NS), group 2 was fed High fat diet (HF), Group 3 was fed High fat diet + 106Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), group 4 was fed High fat + 106Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and group 5 fed High fat diet + 106Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20. After 35 days, histological and immunohistochemistry examination were performed in the ileum tissues. Furthermore, DAO and antioxidants activities were measured in serum, mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and inflammation related cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the ileum tissues as well as sIgA levels and total bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus) in the small intestine and cecum content. The results showed an increase in the DAO activity, oxidative stress parameter (MDA), pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2), reduce immunity (sIgA), and destroyed intestinal structure and integrity (reduce tight junction proteins) in the high fat diet group and this was associated with destruction of the gut microbiota composition (increasing pathogenic bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and reducing beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp.) in mice (P < 0.05). However, the administration of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 reverted these effects. Our findings indicated that, Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 isolated from A. adenophora could prevent the excess weight gain from high fat diet feeding, improved antioxidant status and alleviated the intestine integrity damage as well as reduce the population of enteric bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus and increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus in the gut of mice fed high fat diet, therefore, can serve as a potential probiotics in humans and animals.

Supplementation of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Promotes the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Aged Breeder Hens

“…Furthermore, the intestinal crypts are invaginations of the epithelium around the villi, and are lined by epithelial cells that secrete enzymes. The base of the crypts constantly divides to maintain the structure of the villi, therefore, an increase in crypt depth would produce more developed villi ( 73 , 77 , 78 ). Deeper crypts alternatively indicate fast tissue turnover because various types of special cells are present in the crypt, including absorptive, secretory and regenerative cells ( 79 ).…”

“…Deeper crypts alternatively indicate fast tissue turnover because various types of special cells are present in the crypt, including absorptive, secretory and regenerative cells ( 79 ). Moreover, reducing the crypt depths of the intestinal villi may lead to a reduction in the absorption of nutrients ( 76 , 78 , 80 ). In this study, the villi height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were enhanced by the combination of quercetin and vitamin E, indicating an improved absorption capacity in aged chickens.…”

Glycine Nano-Selenium Enhances Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production in Mice Immunized with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine

“…All kits were used according to the corresponding manufacturers’ instructions. After dyeing, we observed the histopathological changes under the microscope and took photos of normal tissues or obvious lesions with the microscopic imaging system to describe the pathological changes [ 65 ].…”

“…All kits were used according to the corresponding manufacturers' instructions. After dyeing, we observed the histopathological changes under the microscope and took photos of normal tissues or obvious lesions with the microscopic imaging system to describe the pathological changes [65]. The concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, and specific IgG immunoglobulin in serum of mice were determined using a commercial mouse ELISA kit (Jiangsu Jingmei Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China), respectively.…”

Oral Administration of Bacillus toyonensis Strain SAU-20 Improves Insulin Resistance and Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

“…B. toyo SAU-20 isolated from Ageratina adenophora an invasive plant ( 8 – 10 ) has showed good functional properties such as improving growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut integrity ( 11 ), of which are evident for the potential beneficial activity of B. toyo SAU-20 in vivo . This study was performed to examine the effect of B. toyo SAU-20 on fatty acid profile and liver functions in the HFD/STZ-induced T2DM in mice in order to reveal the treatment effects of probiotics in liver disorders such as NAFLD and its potential mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation.…”