Back calculation and hazard prediction of a debris flow in Wenchuan meizoseismal area, China

Liu, Bo; Hu, Xiewen; Ma, Guotao; He, Kun; Wu, Mingyang; Liu, Dingyi

doi:10.1007/s10064-021-02127-3

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Figure 16 shows four typical entrainment modes due to the impacting force: (i) intact impact and scraping, (ii) fragmented impact and plough, (iii) flow-like entrainment, and (iv) overloading and entrainment [38,39]. In the ZHC landslide, after the materials slid from the source area, due to the topographic and material constraints, it loaded successively and accumulated on the middle and lower slopes in the overloading and entrainment zone, thus led to sequent failure continuously [40,41]. This entrainment mode is mainly caused by the energy of the upper landslide, which is similar to the second Baige landslide [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of UAV and GB-SAR in Mechanism Research and Monitoring of Zhonghaicun Landslide in Southwest China

Liu

Mei

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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This paper presents a recent rainfall-induced landslide in China that occurred on August 21, 2020 and resulted in nine deaths. The sliding material traveled a distance of 800 m, with an altitude difference of about 180 m. A field investigation, remote sensing based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in situ monitoring, and a rainfall data analysis were carried out to reveal the deposit characteristics, causative factors, post-landslide behavior, and the mechanism of the landslide. A saltatory micro-relief of the original slope determined the multiple-stage failure type of the slide, and also promoted the entrainment effect during the landslide movement. After the first-initiation sliding stage, the motion of this landslide involved typical progressive movement, and over time, the style of the runout generally turned into a flow-like form. Furthermore, the antecedent cumulative rainfall of 149.5 mm directly contributed to the occurrence of the landslide. Using the GB-SAR early warning system, the post-landslide residual failure was successfully predicted 10 min in advance. The combination of the UAV and GB-SAR technique can surely be beneficial for other inaccessible landslide investigations as well and improves the emergency rescue security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of UAV and GB-SAR in Mechanism Research and Monitoring of Zhonghaicun Landslide in Southwest China

Liu

Mei

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…Apparently, during the downstream movement of the debris flow, the flow velocity and discharge along the way show a Frontiers in Earth Science frontiersin.org significant amplification effect; the flow velocity is amplified by 31.1%, and the discharge by 14.5%. Generally speaking, in valley debris flows, the amplification effect is mainly related to channel blockage, slag dam failure, and landslide provenance recharge (Liu et al, 2021). Song et al (2018) believes that slope, elevation, and slope micro-topography have an impact on the slope magnification effect.…”

Section: Simulation Of Debris Flow On the Slope Surface Under The 20-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic numerical simulation and risk predictive assessment of the slope debris flow for the rear mountain at the management office of the Erlang Mountain Tunnel

Wang

Lin²,

Pan³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Erlang Mountain Tunnel Management Office is located in Luding County, Sichuan Province, China. A long-term open-pit limestone mine is located on the rear mountain, 1 km from the west entrance of the Erlang Mountain Tunnel Management Office for the Sichuan-Tibet Highway. Dangerous rock masses and a large accumulation of mine waste slag are present o-n the hillside, which can easily produce slope debris flow disasters. This paper analyzes the formation causes of slope debris flow through field investigation and uses RAMMS (Rapid mass movement simulation) software to study the influence of base friction coefficient μ and ξ on slope debris flow. Numerical simulation predicted level of danger of the movement process from the aspects of Velocity, deposition height, flow, topography. When the dry Coulomb friction value μ increased from 0.3 to 0.4, the debris velocity decreased and began to spread out along the slope. The flow process can be divided into four parts, and found that the velocity and discharge are different in the upstream and downstream of the slope constriction. The slope constriction has a significant amplification effect on the velocity and discharge. The velocity is amplified by 31.1%, and the discharge is amplified by 14.5%. In addition, based on the dynamic characteristics and the frequency of rainstorms, the risk of debris flow is divided into four levels: low, medium, high, and extremely high. The hazard map of slope debris flow in the rainstorm return period (20 years) is established, which provides a basis for the assessment and prediction of debris flow.

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“…In addition, post-seismic rainfall thresholds have also been widely studied since the Wenchuan event. The critical amount of accumulative precipitation and hourly rainfall intensity to initiate debris flow decreased after the Wenchuan Earthquake (Tang et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2021b). Yu et al (2014) suggested that the rainfall triggering threshold is lower after the earthquake than that before the earthquake (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of a magnitude-frequency relation for debris flows conditioned by earthquake shock

Mei

Evans²,

He³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Debris flow is a major secondary geological process associated with the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake area, causing the loss of around 200 lives as well as extensive property damage. Based on data developed over the past 21 years (1998–2018) of continuous monitoring of debris flow events in Sichuan, the temporal and spatial aspects of debris flows have been analyzed, including magnitude and frequency. The 21-year study period is divided into three time-intervals: 1998–2007 (pre-earthquake), 2008–2013 (short-term post-earthquake), and 2014–2018 (long-term post-earthquake). Distribution maps are plotted to compare debris flow distribution density in the three periods and to visualize debris flow development throughout Sichuan Province from 1998 to 2018. Many large-scale debris flows occur in groups immediately following the earthquake (2008–2013). After 2014, the magnitude and frequency of debris flows begin to decrease and gradually returned near to the pre-earthquake level as the damaged landscape recovered. The effect of rainfall is investigated by analyzing a 21-year record of precipitation; Following the earthquake the threshold rainfall values for debris flow triggering decrease only to recover to pre-earthquake levels as the landscape heals. Magnitude-frequency (M-F) relations for debris flows of the three periods were developed, and the distribution can be well fitted by a power-law function. Finally, the work done by debris flow was defined by multiplying the magnitude by frequency. At the regional scale, the work peaks in the three time periods have been determined and it is found that the peaks corresponded with the larger debris flow sizes. The concept of offset is introduced to describe the shift of the work peak in relation to the probability peak and is termed the Wolman-Miller offset. It is concluded that with a greater offset in the short-term post-earthquake period, more work has been done by larger events and that the greater proportion of the volume being mobilized by larger events occurring more frequently is a key process in the landscape returning to a pre-earthquake (equilibrium) state. The recovery of an earthquake-damaged landscape represents a transient period of high hazard that should be considered in any hazard assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides (in addition to co-seismic landslides).

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Back calculation and hazard prediction of a debris flow in Wenchuan meizoseismal area, China

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Application of UAV and GB-SAR in Mechanism Research and Monitoring of Zhonghaicun Landslide in Southwest China

Application of UAV and GB-SAR in Mechanism Research and Monitoring of Zhonghaicun Landslide in Southwest China

Dynamic numerical simulation and risk predictive assessment of the slope debris flow for the rear mountain at the management office of the Erlang Mountain Tunnel

The structure of a magnitude-frequency relation for debris flows conditioned by earthquake shock

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