Back-scattering of radio waves from the artificially perturbed F-region of the ionosphere

Belikovich, V. V.; Benedictov, E. A.; Getmantsev, G. G.; Ignat’ev, Yu. A.; Комраков, Г. П.

doi:10.1007/bf01034250

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This scheme has first been carried out by Belikovich et al . [] and then by Belikovich et al . [], Benediktov et al .…”

Section: Api Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…where n o and n x are the refractive indices for the ordinary and extraordinary waves, respectively. This scheme has first been carried out by Belikovich et al [1975] and then by Belikovich et al [1977Belikovich et al [ , 1978, Benediktov et al [1997], and Feier et al [1984]. The fact that refractive index n is a function of the plasma density N allows to measure N by stepwise change of the probe frequency.…”

Section: Api Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial periodic irregularities (APIs) are the phenomena that appear in the ionosphere illuminated by powerful high‐frequency radio waves. APIs were first discovered in 1975 using Zimenki heating facility (56.15°N, 44.28°E) during the experiment of the ionospheric plasma modification [ Belikovich et al ., ]. Further studies of the ionosphere using APIs were performed at the Sura facility (56.15°N, 46.11°E).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APIs were first discovered in 1975 using Zimenki heating facility (56. 15°N, 44.28°E) during the experiment of the ionospheric plasma modification [Belikovich et al, 1975]. Further studies of the ionosphere using APIs were performed at the Sura facility (56.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial periodic irregularities in the high‐latitude ionosphere excited by the HAARP facility

et al. 2016

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We present results of the new observations of artificial periodic irregularities (APIs) in the ionosphere using the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility carried out in late May and early June 2014.The objective of this work is to detect API using high‐latitude facility and analyze possible differences of the temporal and spatial variations of the API echoes in the high (HAARP) and middle (Sura) latitudes. Irregularities were created by the powerful wave of X mode and were sounded using the short probing pulses signals of X mode. API echoes were observed in the D, E, and F regions of the ionosphere. Amplitudes and characteristic times of the API echoes were measured. The API growth and decay times at HAARP (high latitudes) observed were similar to those at the Sura heating facility (midlatitudes).

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“…This scheme has first been carried out by Belikovich et al . [] and then by Belikovich et al . [], Benediktov et al .…”

Section: Api Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Api Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Artificial periodic irregularities in the high‐latitude ionosphere excited by the HAARP facility

et al. 2016

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“…They used a weak pulsed diagnostic radio wave of slightly different frequency over approximately the same propagation path. Belikovich et al [1975Belikovich et al [ , 1977Belikovich et al [ , 1978 have investigated the effects of artificial density stratification on the extraordinary component of ionosonde echoes at a frequency somewhat above the frequency of the modifying transmitter radiating in the ordinary mode. A weak backscatter was observed and was attributed to Bragg backscatter by the spatially periodic density stratification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of remote sensing of horizontal stratification due to an ionospherically reflected powerful radio wave

Fejer¹

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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It is shown numerically that the group delay of a weak diagnostic radio wave is greatly reduced in the presence of a powerful radio wave of slightly lower frequency vertically incident on the ionosphere below the penetration frequency. The numerical results are qualitatively interpreted in terms of a narrow stop band for propagation in a spatially periodic medium, for wavelengths near twice the spatial period. Application to remote sensing of the horizontal density stratification in ionospheric modification experiments is discussed.

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First artificial periodic inhomogeneity experiments at HAARP

Hysell

McCarrick

Fallen

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Experiments involving the generation and detection of artificial periodic inhomogeneities have been performed at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility. Irregularities were created using powerful X‐mode HF emissions and then probed using short (10 μs) X‐ and O‐mode pulses. Reception was performed using a portable software‐defined receiver together with the crossed rhombic antenna from the local ionosonde. Echoes were observed reliably between about 85 and 140 km altitude with signal‐to‐noise ratios as high as about 30 dB. The Doppler shift of the echoes can be associated with the vertical neutral wind in this altitude range. Small but persistent Doppler shifts were observed. The decay time constant of the echoes is meanwhile indicative of the ambipolar diffusion coefficient which depends on the plasma temperature, composition, and neutral gas density. The measured time constants appear to be consistent with theoretical expectations and imply a methodology for measuring neutral density profiles. The significance of thermospheric vertical neutral wind and density measurements which are difficult to obtain using ground‐based instruments by other means is discussed.

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Back-scattering of radio waves from the artificially perturbed F-region of the ionosphere

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Artificial periodic irregularities in the high‐latitude ionosphere excited by the HAARP facility

Artificial periodic irregularities in the high‐latitude ionosphere excited by the HAARP facility

Method of remote sensing of horizontal stratification due to an ionospherically reflected powerful radio wave

First artificial periodic inhomogeneity experiments at HAARP

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