Back shape measurement using video rasterstereography and three-dimensional reconstruction of spinal shape

Drerup, Burkhard; Hierholzer, E.

doi:10.1016/0268-0033(94)90055-8

Cited by 150 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recent research, using Table 5 Descriptions and results of a 1-way ANOVA for the subsamples of the controls (n = 192) and the LBP patients under 40 (n = 58) and over 40 years of age (n = 155) and separately in the lumbar lordosis angle for males (CON n = 113, LBP under 40 n = 27, LBP over 40 n = 57) and females (CON n = 79, LBP under 40 n = 31, LBP over 40 n = 98) lateral photography with manually placed markers on bony structures and no X-ray imaging, revealed a more neutral sagittal curvature as being correlated with less pain [23]. Maybe, interindividually varying soft tissue thicknessespecially fat and muscles in the lumbar back regionpartially covered specific bony spinal alignment patterns in the indirect spine shape reconstruction based on surface topography, although rasterstereography was validated in terms of X-ray comparisons [3][4][5]. This could possibly explain why we did not find systematic effects for a flatter lordosis in younger patients comparable to radiological studies [1,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spine shape parameters were calculated by means of video rasterstereography (Formetric Ò -System, Diers International, Schlangenbad, Germany), a non-radiating device for indirect and high resolution back shape reconstruction (reconstruction error 0.2-0.5 mm; resolution 10 pts/cm 2 ) [5]. Reproducibility of back shape reconstruction was proved earlier [8,16,20].…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Video rasterstereography provides an easy access to multivariate analysis procedures and is established as a valid method for a three-dimensional spinal form assessment [3][4][5]. Using video rasterstereography and multivariate analysis procedures, frontal plane (e.g., trunk imbalance and pelvis torsion) and sagittal plane (e.g., trunk inclination, lordosis angle) spine shape parameters could be identified to be associated with chronic low back pain in an adult population, ranging in age from 19 to 79 years [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinal alignment in low back pain patients and age-related side effects: a multivariate cross-sectional analysis of video rasterstereography back shape reconstruction data

2013

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Purpose Spinal form in the sagittal plane and asymmetries of spinal alignment in the frontal plane were identified earlier to be associated with low back pain. This study was aiming at investigating whether age was influencing the significance of these findings. Methods Spinal alignment of 155 older and 58 younger low back pain patients was investigated using non-invasive video rasterstereography and compared to 192 pain free controls. Trunk inclination and imbalance, pelvis tilt and torsion, and the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angle served as dependent variables, which were analyzed using multivariate procedures. Results Frontal plane parameters-trunk imbalance (k [ 0.60) in combination with pelvis tilt (k [ 0.64)-constituted an independent component in a factor analysis model of spine shape parameters in younger and older patients, but not in pain free controls. Trunk imbalance (frontal), trunk inclination (sagittal) and partially thoracic kyphosis angle (sagittal) were extracted to separate patients from controls (discriminant coefficients [0.50). Age could not be excluded as interfering variable for the lumbar lordosis angle. Significant univariate analyses revealed higher effect sizes for trunk imbalance and inclination (g 2 [ 0.07) than for lordosis, kyphosis or pelvic parameters (g 2 \ 0.06). Conclusions In line with corresponding findings trunk imbalance remained a low back pain-associated parameter not depending on age. Over all, sagittal trunk inclination and the thoracic kyphosis angle could not be established as being completely free from age influences, while the lumbar lordosis angle played a minor role and seemed to be influenced more by age than by low back pain in this rasterstereography study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinal alignment in low back pain patients and age-related side effects: a multivariate cross-sectional analysis of video rasterstereography back shape reconstruction data

2013

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“…Spine shape parameters were calculated by means of video raster stereography (Formetric Ò -System, Diers International, Schlangenbad, Germany), a non-invasive device for an indirect and high resolution back shape reconstruction (reconstruction error 0.2-0.5 mm; resolution 10 pts./cm 2 ) [10] (Table 2).…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lateral photometric imaging [3,8], or electro-mechanical inclinometers for back surface reconstruction, e.g. Spinal Mouse [9], or three-dimensional raster stereography back shape reconstruction devices with a minimised examiner's influence due to the optical, non-contact character of measurement needing no markers or detectors on the skin surface [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video raster stereography back shape reconstruction: a reliability study for sagittal, frontal, and transversal plane parameters

2014

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Purpose As reliability of raster stereography was proved only for sagittal plane parameters with repeated measures on the same day, the present study was aiming at investigating variability and reliability of back shape reconstruction for all dimensions (sagittal, frontal, transversal) and for different intervals. Methods For a sample of 20 healthy volunteers, intraindividual variability (SEM and CV %) and reliability (ICC ± 95 % CI) were proved for sagittal (thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvis tilt angle, and trunk inclination), frontal (pelvis torsion, pelvis and trunk imbalance, vertebral side deviation, and scoliosis angle), transversal (vertebral rotation), and functional (hyperextension) spine shape reconstruction parameters for different test-retest intervals (on the same day, between-day, between-week) by means of video raster stereography. Results Reliability was high for the sagittal plane (pelvis tilt, kyphosis and lordosis angle, and trunk inclination: ICC [ 0.90), and good to high for lumbar mobility (0.86 \ ICC \ 0.97). Apart from sagittal plane spinal alignment, there was a lack of certainty for a high reproducibility indicated by wider ICC confidence intervals. So, reliability was fair to high for vertebral side deviation and the scoliosis angle (0.71 \ ICC \ 0.95), and poor to good for vertebral rotation values as well as for frontal plane upper body and pelvis position parameters (0.65 \ ICC \ 0.92). Coefficients for the between-day and between-week interval were a little lower than for repeated measures on the same day. Variability (SEM) was less than 1.5°or 1.5 mm, except for trunk inclination. Relative variability (CV) was greater in global trunk position and pelvis parameters (35-98 %) than in scoliosis (14-20 %) or sagittal sway parameters (4-8 %). Conclusions Although we found a lower reproducibility for the frontal plane, raster stereography is considered to be a reliable method for the non-invasive, three-dimensional assessment of spinal alignment in normal non-scoliotic individuals in the sagittal plane and partly for scoliosis parameters, which fulfils scientific as well as practical recommendations for spine shape screening and monitoring, but cross-sectional or follow-up effect analyses should take into account the degree of reliability differing in various spine shape parameters. Further investigations should be conducted to analyse reliability in scoliosis patients with differing spinal deformities.

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Dynamic rasterstereography improves the detection of movement delays and dynamic asymmetries in the scapulothoracic kinematic of healthy subjects

Freytag,

Moss,

Piana Jacquot

et al. 2024

J. exp. orthop.

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PurposeAssessing scapulothoracic kinematics typically involves visually observing patients during movement, which has limited inter‐ and intraobserver reliability. Dynamic rasterstereography (DRS) records, measures and visualizes surface structures in real time, using a curvature map to colour‐code convex, concave and saddle‐shaped structures on the body surface. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DRS‐assisted observation in identifying dyskinetic scapulothoracic patterns.MethodsThirty‐seven healthy participants performed shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension cycles without additional weight, recorded using both DRS and a conventional video camera. A metronome ensured consistent timing, and for DRS a grid of parallel light rays projected onto the back surface was captured using indirect optical measurement techniques. The mean surface curvature was converted into a colour scale. The diagnostic performance of conventional and DRS videos in detecting dyskinetic patterns, including static asymmetries, dynamic asymmetries, motion delays and rapid compensatory movements, were compared. Two investigators independently evaluated the videos twice in a blinded and randomized sequence to assess intra‐ and interrater reproducibility.ResultsAnalysis of 118 videos showed good‐to‐excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility for both techniques (ICCs 0.727–0.949). Movement delays and dynamic asymmetries were observed more frequently when evaluating DRS videos rather than conventional videos (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0016). However, no differences were found in static asymmetry and rapid compensatory movement detection.ConclusionsDRS can create a real‐time model of the trunk surface and allows observers to evaluate the scapular movements with good‐to‐excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility; compared to clinical observation, some specific scapular motion alterations can be observed more frequently.Clinical Trial Registration: Part of the DRKS00022334 trial.Level of EvidenceLevel II, prospective cohort study.

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Back shape measurement using video rasterstereography and three-dimensional reconstruction of spinal shape

Cited by 150 publications

References 11 publications

Spinal alignment in low back pain patients and age-related side effects: a multivariate cross-sectional analysis of video rasterstereography back shape reconstruction data

Spinal alignment in low back pain patients and age-related side effects: a multivariate cross-sectional analysis of video rasterstereography back shape reconstruction data

Video raster stereography back shape reconstruction: a reliability study for sagittal, frontal, and transversal plane parameters

Dynamic rasterstereography improves the detection of movement delays and dynamic asymmetries in the scapulothoracic kinematic of healthy subjects

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