Back to Basics—A Simplified Non-Mathematical Approach to Low Flow Techniques in Anaesthesia

Derivation and Prospective Testing of a Two-step Sevoflurane-O2-N2O Low Fresh Gas Flow Sequence

“…Lerou suggested that "a major problem is the lack of a simple dosing strategy that aids in attaining and maintaining predefined anaesthetic concentrations of inhaled anaesthetics" 4 . Although others have proposed simple administration regimens when using low FGF 6 , we sought to empirically develop a In 18 ASA physical status I to II patients, F D was determined to maintain F A sevo at 1.3% with 2 l.min -1 O 2 and 4 l.min -1 N 2 O FGF for three minutes, and with 0.3 and 0.4 l.min -1 thereafter. Using the same FGF sequence, the F D schedule that approached the 1.3% F A sevo pattern with the fewest possible adjustments was prospectively tested in another 18 patients.…”

Low-flow anaesthesia – underused mode towards “sustainable anaesthesia”

“…Any technique that employs an FG flow that is less than the alveolar ventilation can be designated as low-flow anaesthesia. [ 14 ]…”

“…Baker[ 14 ] has classified the FGF used in anaesthetic practice as medium/low/minimal/metabolic flow [ Table 1 ].…”

Low-flow anesthesia: Theory, practice, technical preconditions, advantages, and foreign gas accumulation

“…In clinical practice, however, continuous adaptation of the fresh gas flow according to the continuously changing individual gas uptake will be impossible. However, by applying very simple and safe standardized dosing schemes, low-flow techniques such as minimal-flow and low-flow anesthesia can be performed safely with already available anesthetic equipment in routine clinical work [7,14].…”