Background levels of atmospheric mercury in Kagoshima City, and influence of mercury emission from Sakurajima Volcano, Southern Kyushu, Japan

Tomiyasu, Takashi; Nagano, Ayako; Sakamoto, Hayao; Yonehara, Norinobu

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00585-4

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[9] The long-term variation shown in Figure 3 indicates that the variation of GEM concentration reflects the variation of temperature, a remarkable increase of GEM concentration being detected in summer. The same variations have also been observed in other area of Japan such as Kagoshima, although the absolute concentration is different [Tomiyasu et al, 2000]. Assuming that the GEM originating from the soil is considerable, the mercury concentration should exhibit a close relationship with the absolute temperature of the soil surface, since mercury flux from soil conforms to the Arrhenius equation [Siegel and Siegel, 1988].…”

Section: Sequential Variation Of Atmospheric Mercury In Tokai-murasupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Assuming that the GEM originating from the soil is considerable, the mercury concentration should exhibit a close relationship with the absolute temperature of the soil surface, since mercury flux from soil conforms to the Arrhenius equation [ Siegel and Siegel , 1988]. A weakly linear relationship between ln[Hg] and 1/T (see Figure 4) seem showed that the relationship between the mercury concentration and temperature follow the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation (ln P = −ΔH/RT + c) [ Tomiyasu et al , 2000].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential variation of atmospheric mercury in Tokai‐mura, seaside area of eastern central Japan

Osawa¹,

Ueno²,

Fu³

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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in 140.36°E), a small city on the Pacific side of central Japan. The concentration of atmospheric mercury in summer and autumn is higher than in winter and spring, and an 11-month average of 1-hour measurements is 3.78 ± 1.62 ng/m 3 (n = 7551). Our results showed that changes in the GEM level in Tokai-mura are largely determined by temperature and relative humidity, but are independent of wind speed and direction. Two contrary patterns were observed in the daily cycle of GEM concentrations: the most frequent pattern of lower concentrations at noon and a pattern of higher concentrations at noon, which was only observed in November. Our results showed that two nearby potential anthropogenic sources of mercury, a coal-fired power plant and incineration facility, have only little effect on the gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in Tokai-mura based on only GEM measurements.

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Section: Sequential Variation Of Atmospheric Mercury In Tokai-murasupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential variation of atmospheric mercury in Tokai‐mura, seaside area of eastern central Japan

Osawa¹,

Ueno²,

Fu³

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…from 0.001 to 1 ng m −3 in woodlands, 1 to 5 ng m −3 in urban areas, and even up to 40 ng m −3 in industrial areas (Hladikova et al 2001). Numerous authors evidence the impact of meteorological conditions on TGM concentration in the air (Golubeva et al 2003;Hedgecock et al 1999;Pruppacher and Klett 1997;Tomiyasu et al 2000). Meteorological conditions were also stated to influence mercury conversion and the concentration of Hg 0 and Hg +2 forms (Chin et al 1996;Travnikov 2005).…”

Section: Total Gaseous Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Ambient Mercury in the Upper Silesia Region, Poland

Pyta

Rosik-Dulewska

Czaplicka

2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The paper presents results of a preliminary study on mercury concentration in the air carried out in the period of October 2006 to April 2007 at sampling sites located in the cities of Gliwice and Zabrze in the region of Upper Silesia-Poland's largest urban and industrial agglomeration. The study comprised physical (particulate matter-gaseous phase) and chemical speciation of gaseous mercury. Mercury concentration data related with two fractions of particulate matter: PM2.5 and PM10 are reported. The performed measurements indicated that the average monthly concentrations of the total mercury were in the range of 4.1 to 9.1 ng m −3 . The highest mercury concentration was observed in winter, especially in periods of low precipitation. The investigation of ambient mercury distribution indicated that 4.6% to 9.8% of the total mercury present in the air was bound to particulate matter. It has been also observed that 77% of mercury in PM10 was bound to the respirable PM2.5 fraction. Chemical speciation analysis showed that elemental mercury presented 96.1% up to 99.3% of the total gaseous mercury concentration in the air.

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“…The detection limit of this system (3σ) obtained by replicate determinations of blanks was 0.01 ng of mercury. Tomiyasu et al (2000) reported seasonal changes in the atmospheric mercury concentration for one year through 1996 and found that a linear relation of ln[Hg(ng m -3 )] vs. T -1 plots for north, south and west winds; T is the absolute temperature of the highest temperature of the day. An equation, ln )] = -a/T + b, lead by the linearity of the plots was of the same form as the Clapeyron-Clausius equation, lnp = -Le/RT + c, which shows the dependency of vapor pressure on temperature.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although mercury emission from volcanoes has been estimated in some studies (Oikawa et al, 1976;Sakamoto et al, 1989;Nakagawa, 1999;Ferrara et al, 2000), the influence of volcanic activity on the behavior of atmospheric mercury in the surrounding area has not been studied in detail. In our previous study, the atmospheric concentration of mercury in Kagoshima City at a height of 12 m was measured daily throughout 1996 (Tomiyasu et al, 2000). The study shows that Kagoshima City has no serious anthropogenic sources of mercury, and the seasonal variation in the atmospheric concentration is generally characterized by a strong temperature dependency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal change and vertical movement of atmospheric mercury at Kagoshima city in relation with Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

Tomiyasu

Sakamoto

et al. 2006

Geochem. J.

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The atmospheric concentration of mercury was determined daily for 3 years (July 1999-March 2002 in Kagoshima City to clarify the seasonal variation of mercury levels and the influence of mercury emitted from Sakurajima. The atmospheric mercury was collected on a porous gold collector at Kagoshima University approximately 11 km west of Sakurajima and the amount of mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). A loss of temperature dependency was found for the east wind in 1999. However, in 2001, high temperature dependency was observed for all wind directions with the easing of volcanic activity. Short-term movement in the atmospheric concentration of mercury was also investigated by making measurements every two hours over a three-day period at heights of 3 and 12 m. This operation was carried out about every two months in the year 2001 at Kagoshima University. The atmospheric mercury concentration was higher in the daytime than nighttime showing temperature dependency: the concentration at 3 m (Hg (3m) ) ranged from 1.65 to 17.9 ng m -3 (5.96 ± 3.47 ng m -3 ) in the daytime and 1.50 to 12.8 ng m -3 (4.20 ± 2.33 ng m -3 ) overnight, while that at 12 m (Hg (12m) ) ranged from 1.24 to 29.4 ng m -3 (4.74 ± 3.61 ng m -3 ) and 1.38 to 14.8 ng m -3 (4.50 ± 2.85 ng m -3 ), respectively. The variation in Hg (3m) from day to night was considerably larger than that in Hg (12m) . As a result, Hg (3m) was higher than Hg (12m) in the daytime and lower in the nighttime. On the other hand, the concentration gradient showed a high degree of dependency on solar radiation. These observations suggested that mercury is emitted from the ground with an increase in solar radiation and rise of the temperature in the daytime and deposits with the fall of temperature at nighttime. The influence of rain and volcanic activity on the periodic variation of mercury is also discussed in detail.

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Background levels of atmospheric mercury in Kagoshima City, and influence of mercury emission from Sakurajima Volcano, Southern Kyushu, Japan

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Sequential variation of atmospheric mercury in Tokai‐mura, seaside area of eastern central Japan

Sequential variation of atmospheric mercury in Tokai‐mura, seaside area of eastern central Japan

Speciation of Ambient Mercury in the Upper Silesia Region, Poland

Seasonal change and vertical movement of atmospheric mercury at Kagoshima city in relation with Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

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