Background music changes the policy of human decision-making: Evidence from experimental and drift-diffusion model-based approaches on different decision tasks.

Abstract

Music is ubiquitous in our lives. Although we listen to music as an activity in and of itself, music is frequently played while we are engaged in other activities that rely on decision-making (e.g., driving). Despite its ubiquity, it remains unknown whether and how background music modulates the speed and accuracy of decision-making across different domains. We hypothesized that music could affect decision-making through a subjective-timing distortion or via a policy shift toward less-cautious responding. We analyzed response times and accuracy from more than 100-thousand decisions and mapped the effects of music onto decision-process components with a mechanistic model of decision-making. We found evidence supporting the latter hypothesis, by which decisions—across domains—were faster but less accurate with music, and this trade-off was mainly driven by a less conservative decision policy. Overall, our results suggest that background music shapes our decisions by making us less cautious.

Grounding computational cognitive models

“…Such model-based explanations are rife in cognitive science and we could easily have picked examples from our own back catalogue (e.g. Farrell & Lewandowsky, 2010;Ludwig, Butler et al, 2009;Ludwig, Farrell, Ellis & Gilchrist, 2009;Perez Santangelo et al, 2022). However, such explanations are incomplete: what is critically missing is why and how parameters come to take on the values that best account for the data.…”