Background Review Paper on Total Fat, Fatty Acid Intake and Cancers

Gerber, Mariette

doi:10.1159/000229000

Cited by 67 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In this regard, the epidemiologic data have indicated substantial geographic and racial disparity in the PC incidence and mortality, including a higher occurrence of aggressive PCs in black American men as compared to white American and Asian men [11,12] . This suggests that the genetic and environmental factors, including the diet and behavior, may influence the PC development [12,13] . Importantly, a growing body of evidence has also revealed that the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in prostate stem/progenitor cells and their differentiated progenies concomitant with the changes in their local microenvironment, including in reactive stromal cells, may occur during severe injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and aging of the prostate gland and lead to PC development ( Figures 1 and 2) [6,7,[14][15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of animal models underlining mechanistic connections between prostate inflammation and cancer

Mimeault¹

2013

WJCO

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The characterization of animal models has indicated that the genetic, dietary and environmental factors and hormonal imbalance may influence the risk to develop prostate inflammatory lesions and prostate cancer (PC) confirming human epidemiologic data. It is now established that the prostate inflammatory response typically results in major changes in the local microenvironment of epithelial cells of the prostate gland, including an intense stromal remodeling, activation of fibroblasts, infiltration of immune cells such as mast cells, macrophages and B and T lymphocytes and collagen deposition. The immune cells recruited at prostate inflammatory lesions and myofibroblasts may contribute to the release of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that in turn can promote the oxidative stress, genomic instability and proliferation of epithelial cells. The accumulation of additional genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in prostatic stem/progenitor cells may subsequently culminate to their malignant transformation and PC initiation and progression and more particularly with advancing age. The potential mechanistic relationships between the molecular events associated with the persistent inflammatory response and prostate carcinogenesis have important implications for optimizing the current therapies against different prostatic disorders and PCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of animal models underlining mechanistic connections between prostate inflammation and cancer

Mimeault¹

2013

WJCO

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“…[1][2][3][4] The high intake of fat and sugar has also been discussed as a contributing factor in the obesity epidemic. [4][5][6][7] There is a universal preference in humans for both macronutrients and it is believed that increased preference for fat and sugar may contribute to overconsumption and weight gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste preferences in association with dietary habits and weight status in European children: results from the IDEFICS study

et al. 2011

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Background: Increased preference for fat and sugar may have a role in overweight and obesity development. However, this effect is likely to vary across different food cultures. To date, few studies on this topic have been conducted in children and none have employed an international, multi-centre design. Objective: To document taste preferences for fat and sweet in children from eight European countries and to investigate their association with weight status and dietary habits. Design: A total of 1696 children aged 6-9 years from survey centres in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary and Spain tasted and subsequently chose between a high-versus a low-fat cracker and a natural versus a sugarsweetened apple juice. Children's consumption frequency of fatty and sweet foods and demographic variables were obtained from parental-reported questionnaires. Weight and height of the children were measured. Results: Fat and sweet taste preferences varied substantially across survey centres. Independent of survey centre, age, sex, parental education and parental BMI, overweight including obesity was positively associated with fat preference and sweet preference. Fat preference associations were stronger in girls. GirlsFbut not boysFwith a combined preference for fat and sweet had an especially high probability of being overweight or obese. Adjusted models with BMI z-score as the dependent variable were consistent with results of the analyses with BMI categories, but with significant results only for fat preference in girls. Frequent consumption of fatty foods was related to fat preference in bivariate analyses; however, adjusting for survey centre attenuated the association. Sweet preference was not related to consumption of sweet foods, either in crude or in adjusted analyses. Conclusions: Fat and sweet taste preferences are related to weight status in European children across regions with varying food cultures.

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“…Although no clear explanation has emerged, interest in the diabetes-cancer relationship was recently heightened by some epidemiologic analyses linking insulin in general and basal insulin glargine in particular to incident cancers (2), linking sulfonylureas to the development of cancers, and linking metformin to protection from cancers (3). Other epidemiologic findings have suggested that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake may reduce the risk of colorectal, prostate, breast, or other cancers (4,5). However, these epidemiologic analyses are unable to reliably determine whether the observed relationships were due to these drugs or to confounding factors associated with both the use of these drugs and cancers.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Association of Basal Insulin Glargine and/or n-3 Fatty Acids With Incident Cancers in Patients With Dysglycemia

Bordeleau

Yakubovich

Dagenais³

et al. 2014

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVEEpidemiologic studies linking insulin glargine and glucose-lowering therapies to cancers and n-3 fatty acids to cancer prevention have not been confirmed. We aimed to assess the effect of insulin glargine and n-3 fatty acids on incident cancers within the context of the ORIGIN (Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe ORIGIN trial is an international, long-term, randomized two-by-two factorial study comparing insulin glargine with standard care and n-3 fatty acids with placebo (double blind) in people with dysglycemia at high risk for cardiovascular events. The primary outcome measure (cancer substudy) was the occurrence of any new or recurrent adjudicated cancer. Cancer mortality and cancer subtypes were also analyzed. RESULTSAmong 12,537 people (mean age 63.5 years, SD 7.8; 4,388 females), 953 developed a cancer event during the median follow-up of 6.2 years. In the glargine and standard care groups, the incidence of cancers was 1.32 and 1.32 per 100 person-years, respectively (P = 0.97), and in the n-3 fatty acid and placebo groups, it was 1.28 and 1.36 per 100 person-years, respectively (P = 0.39). No difference in the effect of either intervention was noted within predefined subgroups (P for all interactions ‡0.17). Cancer-related mortality and cancer-specific outcomes also did not differ between groups. Postrandomization HbA 1c levels, glucose-lowering therapies (including metformin), and BMI did not affect cancer outcomes. CONCLUSIONSInsulin glargine and n-3 fatty acids have a neutral association with overall and cancer-specific outcomes, including cancer-specific mortality. Exposure to glucoselowering therapies, including metformin, and HbA 1c level during the study did not alter cancer risk.Both type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as diabetes) and cancer are common diseases that are rising in incidence and prevalence throughout the world. Moreover, epidemiologic data suggest that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several different cancers (1). Reasons for this association may include metabolic features typical of diabetes such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or

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Background Review Paper on Total Fat, Fatty Acid Intake and Cancers

Cited by 67 publications

References 97 publications

Development of animal models underlining mechanistic connections between prostate inflammation and cancer

Development of animal models underlining mechanistic connections between prostate inflammation and cancer

Taste preferences in association with dietary habits and weight status in European children: results from the IDEFICS study

The Association of Basal Insulin Glargine and/or n-3 Fatty Acids With Incident Cancers in Patients With Dysglycemia

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