Backhaul in 5G systems for developing countries: A literature review

Abstract

The fifth-generation (5G) technology is seen to be a solution for developing countries to improve their quality of services in terms of transportation, education, health, agriculture, and other fields, thereby holding the promises of economic transformation by improving productivity and the quality of life. The paper considers some of the challenges that face operators, investors, and providers when planning to introduce 5G technology to developing countries. The main focus of this paper is the 5G transport network, in particular, the backhaul network. The 5G transport network architectural options and scenarios are discussed based on several standards and previous studies, the problems of existing infrastructures of developing countries are investigated, and new proposed technologies that may help to address those challenges are considered.1.

Understanding the challenges of 5G deployment in India

“…Unplanned highways, rural roads and bridges in developing countries lack the provision of ducting and power junction boxes, which are required telecommunication infrastructural resources for supporting 5G (Agubor et al , 2021). According to Sawad et al (2023), delays in obtaining licenses and permissions for deploying telecom equipment from the government authorities lead to poor fiber penetration in India. To facilitate the 5G deployment in India, the government amended the Right of Way (ROW) rules in 2022, incorporating a policy for accessing poles and street furniture (PIB, 2022).…”