Backhaul, QoS, and channel-aware load balancing optimization in SDN-based LTE networks

Network Access Selection Algorithm Based on Balanced Profits between Users and Network

“…MATLAB simulation and analysis of the performance of the AHP algorithm [6], mobility load balancing (MLB) algorithm [21], and the proposed IFB algorithm in the overlapping regions of LTE, WiMAX, and WiFi were conducted from the perspectives of blocking rate, local balancing, user-network profits, and comprehensive profits. Load balancing was expressed by the Jain fairness index [22]; user profit [19] was defined as the weighted average of four indexes (data rate, delay, frame error ratio, and expense) gained by each user; data rate was normalized by profit, and rest indexes were normalized by cost indexes; network profit was defined as the weighted average of three indexes (expenses, blocking rate, and data rate) after each user was accessed into the network; expense was normalized by profit indexes, whereas the blocking and data rates were normalized by cost indexes; the comprehensive profit was equal to the weighted average of user and network profits. In order to make a fair comparison of the related algorithms, every simulation under the same parameter is repeated for many times, and finally the simulation results are averaged and presented in the figures from Figure 5 to 8.…”

Performance enhancement of software defined cellular LTE and internet-of-things networks

“…Finally, our results show that using the proposed new design the controller is able to enhance network performance through centrally managing radio resource functionalities and get benefits from the global network view. Figure 5.1: Framework for SDN based cellular network [6].…”

“…The instructions 5 were followed to set up the environment. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker application was used to check the packets sent by the NS 6 to the LoRaWAN application. Using this information the number of connected devices and their status can be monitored.…”

“…For the backhaul network consisting of SDN switches performing the SGW-D data-plane and backhaul network functionality, we modified the LTE module in ns-3. The modified SDN-enabled LTE module is basically an integration of the OpenFlow and LTE module in ns-3 (details in [6]). In this implementation, the MME works as a component of our customized SDN controller, and hence the controller is aware of all user sessions and their respective (QoS based) bearer mapping.…”

“…6 shows the resulting mobile user downlink throughput as he/she moves from cell 1 to cell 2 coverage area. It can be seen that load-aware handover approach performs best as it is able to achieve an increase in mobile user downlink throughput and also takes advantage of a timely handover decision as compared to traditional LTE network.…”