Bacteraemia in Tropical Australia: A Review

Abstract

Purpose of Review This review discusses the trends of bacteraemia and their outcomes in tropical regions of Australia. Bacteraemia can frequently lead to severe sepsis and potentially life-threatening consequences. Epidemiology of bacteraemia is ever evolving. Recent Findings This review outlines the current patterns of bacteraemia in tropical regions of Australia, focusing on their outcomes and associated risk factors. The most frequently reported causes of bacteraemia were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. There has been an increase in published incidence of Group A Streptococcus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteraemia cases, while Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia exhibited a declining trend. Factors specific to tropical environments and the higher representation of Indigenous populations in these areas were identified as contributing to the elevated incidence rates. Summary Bacteraemia was found to be an increasing healthcare burden to the Australian tropical regions. Ideally, linkage of existing data from healthcare settings could be utilised to obtain more accurate, comprehensive and up to date information of trends and patterns of bacteraemia.