Bacteremia and fungemia in patients with neoplastic disease

Whimbey, Estella; Kiehn, Timothy E.; Brannon, Patricia; Blevins, Anne; Armstrong, Donald

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90007-6

Cited by 128 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Bloodstream infections have long been one of the hallmarks of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome since the beginning of the epidemic (Whimbey et al, 1986;Bekele et al, 2003) and it can be defined as the presence of viable bacteria in the blood with a documented positive blood culture and the presence of chemical symptoms of systemic infection (Garner et al, 1998). However, it was responsible for 8% of all AIDS deaths (Stein et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of blood culture isolates from human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Nigeria

Oluyege¹,

Ojo-Bola²,

Olagbemi³

2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Bloodstream infections remain public health problem and have resulted to morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. This study was therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of bacteremia in HIV infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) attending Federal Medical Centre, IdoEkiti, Ekiti State. A total of 105 blood samples were cultured using brain heart infusion and subcultured on bismuth sulphite agar, MacConkey agar and chocolate agar. Isolates were identified using cultural and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using disc diffusion method. The prevalence of bloodstream infection in HIV infected patients on HAART was found to be 22.9% and they were having the CD4 + T-cell counts of <300 cells/µl. There were five males and 19 females that had bloodstream bacterial infection. A total number of 24 isolates were recovered with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent bacterial isolates 12(50.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 8 (33.3%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 (16.7%). The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed a high level of resistance with highest resistance seen in Cotrimoxazole (87.5%), followed by ciprofloaxcin (83.3%), ampicillin (79.2%), levofloxacin (62.5%) while ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and gentamycin (54.2% each) showed the least resistance. The overall percentage of antibiotics resistance of the 7 selected antibiotics tested against isolated bacterial had 71.4, 67.9 and 66.1% resistance for S. pneumonia, Escherichia coli and S. aureus, respectively. However, the prevalence of bloodstream infection among HIV patients on HAART in Ekiti was relatively high and resistance to cephalosporins drugs was lower as compared to fluoroquinolones. Therefore, cephalosporin group of antibiotics is recommended for the treatment of bacteria bloodstream infection in HIV/AIDS patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of blood culture isolates from human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Nigeria

Oluyege¹,

Ojo-Bola²,

Olagbemi³

2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic cancer patients and in recipients of an allogeneic stem cell transplant (Horn et al, 1985;Whimbey et al, 1987;Denning, 1996;Wald et al, 1997). Early initiation of antifungal therapy is critical in reducing the high mortality rate in these patients (Aisner et al, 1977;Meyers, 1990;Fraser et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prospective screening by a panfungal polymerase chain reaction assay in patients at risk for fungal infections: implications for the management of febrile neutropenia

et al. 2000

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Summary. Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of mortality in neutropenic cancer patients. To determine whether a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay enabled the identification of patients at risk for invasive fungal infections, a prospective monitoring once per week was performed during 92 neutropenic episodes in patients receiving chemotherapy for acute leukaemia or high-dose therapy followed by allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation, with the investigators blinded to clinical and microbiological data. PCR positivity was documented in 34 out of 92 risk episodes. All patients developing proven invasive fungal infection were found PCR positive, and PCR was found to be the earliest indicator of invasive fungal infection preceding clinical evidence by a mean of 5´75 d (range 0±14 d). In febrile neutropenic patients without a prior history of invasive fungal infection, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73% of the PCR assay for the development of proven or probable invasive fungal infection was documented. In conclusion, panfungal PCR performed prospectively once a week enabled the identification of patients at high risk for invasive fungal infections.

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“…Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia allows bacterial infections to develop into severe systemic infections, resulting in interruptions in chemotherapy treatments with a higher risk of cancer relapse and mortality [1][2][3]. Therefore, the prevention and control of infection is crucial for the successful treatment of patients with hematological malignancies (HMs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Approach for Fluoroquinolone Garenoxacin Prophylaxis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Chemotherapy-induced Neutropenia

Mushino¹,

Hanaoka²,

Murata³

et al. 2017

J Blood Lymph

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Antibiotic prophylaxis such as that with fluoroquinolone reportedly reduces infectious episodes in patients receiving chemotherapy regimens with the risk of febrile neutropenia. However, optimum patient characteristics, the timing of initiation, and antibiotics for prophylactic treatments have yet to be identified. We herein conducted a single-arm monocenter clinical study to elucidate the therapeutic profiles of fluoroquinolone garenoxacin prophylaxis for patients with hematological malignancies (HMs). Fever was not present for the duration of chemotherapyinduced neutropenia in 29 (43.9%) out of 66 patients. A shorter duration of prophylaxis until chemotherapy-induced neutropenia had a more potent effect on delaying febrile episodes, even in patients with fever. Excessive neutropenia (minimum zero neutrophils/l) negatively affected prophylactic effects. Garenoxacin accounted for 4.5% of the minor adverse events observed such as mild renal damage and skin reactions. Therefore, the study suggests that the initiation of garenoxacin prophylaxis from the introduction of neutropenia could be an effectual strategy for preventing chemotherapy-induced febrile episodes in HM patients with moderate neutropenia.

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Bacteremia and fungemia in patients with neoplastic disease

Cited by 128 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of blood culture isolates from human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Nigeria

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of blood culture isolates from human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Nigeria

Prospective screening by a panfungal polymerase chain reaction assay in patients at risk for fungal infections: implications for the management of febrile neutropenia

An Optimal Approach for Fluoroquinolone Garenoxacin Prophylaxis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Chemotherapy-induced Neutropenia

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