Bacteremia in a swedish university hospital: A one-year prospective study in 1981 and a comparison with 1975–76

Ljungman, Per; Malmborg, Anna‐Stina; Nyström, Bertil; Tillegård, A

doi:10.1007/bf01645950

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, the incidence in European and US hospitals has ranged from 4.3-21/1000 admissions, [6][7][8] whereas in Zaria, Northern Nigeria, it reached 96/1000 admissions. 9 However, our data showed an incidence of 15.7/1000 admissions, which is comparable to the 16.1/1000 admissions reported at the University of the West Indies, 10 but higher than the 7/1000 admissions reported from Abu Dhabi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Stream Infections: Micro-Organisms, Risk Factors and Mortality Rate in Qatif Central Hospital

1998

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Blood stream infections (BSI) lead to sepsis and septic shock, which continue to be important causes of morbidity and mortality. A vast body of literature has been devoted to this. Worldwide studies about the epidemiology, microbiological etiology and prognosis of BSI have been performed over the last six decades. These have shown changing patterns of the pathogens involved, namely the emergence of gram-negative pathogens as a major cause of bacteremia after the beginning of the antimicrobial era, 1,2 and the recent re-emergence of grampositive pathogens and fungi, especially among the growing population of immunocompromised patients. 3,4 While many studies are available from Western countries, mostly conducted in major teaching or research institutions, little work has been published from the developing countries. Extrapolation of data to hospitals in developing countries may be misleading because of the differing effects of factors such as endemic pathogens, underlying diseases, and antimicrobial prescribing habits.The present study aims to define the pattern of blood stream infections over a five-year period in a general referral hospital in a developing country, to compare it with previously published work from Saudi Arabia and other countries, to point out differences in the spectrum of micro-organisms, community-acquired and hospital-acquired BSI, and to determine the case fatality rate in relation to different micro-organisms and patient age groups. Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out in Qatif Central Hospital (QCH). Qatif is located on the Gulf in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and the hospital is a 400-bed referral facility that provides all medical services. Data from the hospital's Department of Microbiology and from patients' records were reviewed. Patients with bacteremia and fungemia diagnosed by blood culture from May 1990 through May 1995 were identified and included in the study. The course of each episode of bacteremia or fungemia was followed until its conclusion.Ten and 3 mL of blood samples were drawn aseptically from adult and pediatric patients with suspected BSI, respectively. Each blood sample was divided into two bottles: NR6A (enriched soybean casein digest broth with CO 2 ) for aerobic cultures, and NR7A (prereduced enriched soybean casein digest broth with CO 2 ) for anaerobic cultures. Both bottles were incubated for seven days (eight weeks for brucella) at 37 C, and read daily on a Bactec NR 660 (Becton Dickinson). Subcultures on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar were incubated aerobically with CO 2 , and subcultures on blood agar were also incubated anaerobically for 48 hours. A total of 23,704 paired bottles were processed during the study period.The significance of isolates was judged according to the growth in different blood cultures, the clinical findings and the isolates obtained from other body sites. Microorganisms isolated were identified by standard techniques 5 or by API 20 E system. An episode of bacteremia was defined by the isolation of...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Stream Infections: Micro-Organisms, Risk Factors and Mortality Rate in Qatif Central Hospital

1998

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“…According to Weinstein et al (19), mortality directly related to bloodstream infection is 2-fold higher, i.e., 40%, in polymicrobial versus unimicrobial sepsis. The increasing importance of PMI in Western medicine is demonstrated by a polymicrobial bacteremia rate approaching almost 20% in some communications (19), although most reports have provided lower values (6,13). The urinary tract is the most common portal of microbial entry into the bloodstream, especially in the elderly; the peritoneal fluid, the pelvis, and the lungs are other important foci.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid discrimination of bacterial species with different ampicillin susceptibility levels by means of flow cytometry

1997

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“…However, only a small percentage of bloodstream infections are caused by Salmonella spp., and bacteremia caused by Shigella spp. is rarely found (10,19,25,27,31). In this study, among the 212 blood cultures, containing gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…coli is one of the more important gram-negative bacteria recovered in clinical microbiology laboratories. It is isolated frequently from specimens from bacteremic episodes (2,10,19,21,25), either as a pure culture or as part of a mixed culture. The isolation rate for E. coli can be as high as 40% of the gram-negative bacteria found in bacteremia (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enzyme capture assay for rapid identification of Escherichia coli in blood cultures

Huang

Chang

1994

J Clin Microbiol

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An enzyme capture assay (ECA) for rapid identification of Escherichia coli in blood cultures by using P-D-glucuronidase as a marker was developed. Microdilution plates coated with antiglucuronidase were used to capture this enzyme from the cell lysates of blood cultures which showed growth of gram-negative bacteria.The assay, using 4-methylumbelliferyl-j3-D-glucuronide as a fluorogenic substrate, had a detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml (3 x 10-13 M) for the enzyme; this was approximately equal to a cell concentration of 106 CFU of E. coli per ml. Among 212 blood cultures showing growth of gram-negative bacteria, 77 specimens were found to contain E. coli by conventional culture procedures and 73 samples were positive by ECA. Among the 135 blood cultures from which E. coli was not isolated, ECA gave one false-positive (Salmonella enteritidis) reaction. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity for the identification of E. coli in blood cultures by ECA were 94.8% (73/77) and 99.3% (134/135), respectively. From the finding of positive growth in the culture bottle, the assay can be completed within 4 h. In view of the high rate of isolation of E. coli from bacteremic patients, the test can be performed in parallel with conventional culture protocols; this may shorten the identification time for E. coli, and proper antimicrobial treatments may be started 24 h earlier than when results of conventional identification systems are used.

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Bacteremia in a swedish university hospital: A one-year prospective study in 1981 and a comparison with 1975–76

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Blood Stream Infections: Micro-Organisms, Risk Factors and Mortality Rate in Qatif Central Hospital

Blood Stream Infections: Micro-Organisms, Risk Factors and Mortality Rate in Qatif Central Hospital

Rapid discrimination of bacterial species with different ampicillin susceptibility levels by means of flow cytometry

Enzyme capture assay for rapid identification of Escherichia coli in blood cultures

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