Bacteremia in Children Hospitalized Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Wrotek, August; Czajkowska, Małgorzata; Jackowska, Teresa

doi:10.1007/5584_2020_500

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A blood test was performed in 43% of the study population, which is higher than expected. Blood tests in bronchiolitis are only indicated in children aged < 1 month with fever or if a serious bacterial infection is suspected, although this is extremely rare in vaccinated infants aged > 1 month with RSV bronchiolitis [11,15,22,29,30]. Only 12.88% of the patients in our study were aged < 1 month, suggesting that most of these blood tests were not indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Management of Hospitalized Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Ward in Spain: Assessing the Impact of a New Clinical Practice Protocol

et al. 2021

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Background Bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main reason for hospitalization in infants. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment, and tests are restricted to a few indications. During 2015, our hospital bronchiolitis protocol (2015 HBP) was updated according to the latest practice guidelines. Objective The objective of this study was to assess implementation of the 2015 HBP and the clinical outcome of children aged ≤ 24 months with RSV bronchiolitis admitted to a pediatric ward. Methods We compared the use of treatments and tests, hospital length of stay (LOS), and oxygen requirements before imple-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Management of Hospitalized Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Ward in Spain: Assessing the Impact of a New Clinical Practice Protocol

et al. 2021

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“…If hospitals reported positive results for potentially pathogenic bacteria, we classi ed patients into the PPB co-infection group. PPB included Bordetella pertussis, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus in uenza, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Streptococcus pneumonia [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]25]. If bacterial laboratory results were not reported, but the patient was under antibiotic treatment due to concurrent bacterial infection or bacterial pneumonia, we also regarded it as a potential PPB co-infection.…”

Section: Rsv and Bacterial Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSV-bacterial co-infection is associated with increased illness severity in hospitalized children - Results from a prospective sentinel surveillance study

Torres,

Gaio,

Melo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: During the autumn/winter respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics, bacterial co-infection is common and affects the severity of the disease. We aimed to understand the relationship between RSV-bacterial co-infections and clinical severity since the change of RSV seasonality after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a prospective, sentinel surveillance study at 20 sites in Portugal in children under two years old hospitalized with RSV, between April 2021 and January 2023. The effect of co-infection with potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) on the length of hospitalization and disease severity (defined by the need for ventilation or admission to an intensive care unit-ICU) was investigated using multivariate linear and log-binomial regression models. Age group (<6 months/≥6 months) and prematurity (yes/no) were included in models as potential confounders. Results: We report two RSV off-season epidemics: June 2021-February 2022 and May-October 2022. Among 678 RSV hospitalizations, 67.4 % occurred in children under 6 months old and 15.3 % in pre-term; 20.4 % tested positive for PPB; median length of hospitalization was five days (IQR: 3-7days); 5.8 % had at least one underlying condition. The most common bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Children co-infected with PPB had a higher rate of ICU admission (29.7 % versus 3.5 %, p<0.001), resulting in more prolonged hospitalizations (median of 7 days versus 5 days, p<0.001) and a 13-fold risk of having severe disease (RR: 13.2, 95 CI: 7.3-23.9). Conclusion: RSV-bacterial co-infection was associated with increased length of hospitalization and severe illness during off-season epidemics. This risk is probably overestimated, as laboratory testing for bacterial infections is usually higher in severely ill-appearing children. Measures to prevent outgrowth of pathogenic bacteria within the respiratory tract should be discussed.

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“…В исследовании, включавшем 66 пациентов с РСВ-бронхиолитом, методом ПЦР была верифицирована бактериемия в 11 % случаев -H. influenzae (n = 4) и S. pneumoniae (n = 2), при этом положительная гемокультура была выявлена у 7 пациентов и 6 из них получали АБТ. Все дети с бактерие мией имели тяжелое течение заболевания, нуждались в лечении в условиях ОРИТ и в проведении респираторной поддержки [95]. Другие исследователи указывают на частоту бактериемии не более 1 % у де тей с РСВ-бронхиолитом, считают сепсис крайне редким осложнением РСВ-инфекции [96].…”

Section: антибактериальная терапияunclassified

A modern view on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units: a review

Tsygankov¹,

Ovsyannikov

Афуков

et al. 2022

Annals of Critical Care

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INTRODUCTION. The literature has accumulated enough data on the treatment of children with acute bronchiolitis (OB). However, this information is formed mainly on the general population of patients with OB and is often not applicable to patients with a severe course of the disease. From the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, routine use of medications is not recommended in modern consent documents, and there are also no clear recommendations on respiratory support and certain aspects of intensive care in children with OB. OBJECTIVES. To analyze approaches to therapy in children with severe acute course in need of intensive care, and to assess the validity, effectiveness and safety of the use of the analyzed groups of drugs and respiratory strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of publications in the electronic databases PubMed and the Russian Scientific Citation Index on the keywords “bronchiolitis”, “intensive care units”, “critical care”, “fluid therapy”, “respiratory therapy”, “ventilation”, “co-morbidity”; “respiratory syncytial virus”; “hypertonic saline” was carried out, “corticosteroids”; “epinephrine”; “high-flow oxygen therapy”, “inhalation”, “infant”, “bronchiolitis in children”. The date of the last search is January 15, 2022. RESULTS. This systematic review provides information on the etiology and risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, studies on the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome are characterized, including in the intensive care unit with glucocorticosteroids, inhalations of bronchodilators, epinephrine, 3 % hypertonic sodium chloride solution, respiratory support, high-flow oxygenation, noninvasive ventilation, artificial ventilation, antibiotics, air-helium mixture. CONCLUSIONS. Currently, there is more information that infants with OB show a high degree of heterogeneity, while the main uncertainty lies in a misunderstanding of the processes, which patients will benefit most from a particular treatment method. Further research is needed to fill the research deficit in children with a severe course of OB.

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Bacteremia in Children Hospitalized Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Management of Hospitalized Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Ward in Spain: Assessing the Impact of a New Clinical Practice Protocol

Management of Hospitalized Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Ward in Spain: Assessing the Impact of a New Clinical Practice Protocol

RSV-bacterial co-infection is associated with increased illness severity in hospitalized children - Results from a prospective sentinel surveillance study

A modern view on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units: a review

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