Bacteremia/Septicemia Due to Aerococcus-Like Organisms: Report of Seventeen Cases

Christensen, Jens Jørgen; Jensen, Iben; Færk, Jan; Kristensen, Brian; Skov, Robert; Körner, B

doi:10.1093/clinids/21.4.943

Cited by 60 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…sanguinicola is found in human infections and is frequently identified in clinical samples from elderly female patients with urinary tract infections. A. sanguinicola is similar to A. urinae in clinical implication, as both were first described as causes of urinary tract infections (6,24) and then later found to be associated with bacteremia, sepsis, and endocarditis (4,12). A. sanguinicola has been isolated from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and endocarditis (this report).…”

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confidence: 75%

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Phenotypic Description and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola Isolates from Human Clinical Samples

Facklam

Lovgren²,

Shewmaker

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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This report describes the clinical sources and phenotypic characterization of 16 isolates of Aerococcus sanguinicola. Sixteen conventional tests were used to describe and differentiate the 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola from 30 strains of Aerococcus viridans, 27 strains of Aerococcus urinae, and a single strain each of Aerococcus christensenii and Aerococcus urinaehominis. The phenotypic characterizations of the type strains for each species and 14 A. sanguinicola isolates were also compared in the two reference laboratories. A. sanguinicola are catalase-negative, vancomycin-susceptible, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters and tetrads, as are all Aerococcus species except A. christensenii (which is arranged in short chains). All 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola were leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonylarylamidase positive, which is unique to this species among the aerococci. All A. sanguinicola isolates grew in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, hydrolyzed hippurate, and were variable in the bile-esculin test. None of the isolates deaminated arginine or were Voges-Proskauer positive. The type strain of A. sanguinicola was isolated from a blood culture of a patient living in Denmark. Seven additional isolates were from patients living in Canada, all with urinary tract infections (six were female). Eight isolates were from patients living in five different states in the United States; five were from patients with urinary tract infections, and three were from blood cultures of one patient each with pneumonia, suspected endocarditis, and unknown clinical conditions. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were unremarkable; all isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), rifampin, linezolid, and tetracycline. Six of the 15 cultures were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but all 15 strains were susceptible to sparfloxacin. High-level resistance was detected for meropenem (2 strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethonazole (1 strain). Intermediate resistance was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 strains) and clindamycin (3 strains).Aerococci are gram-positive cocci (GPC) that are arranged in tetrads and clusters. No chains are observed when Gram stains are prepared from growth in broth or agar cultures. Other genera that are GPC and catalase-negative that form clusters or tetrads (Alloiococcus, Dolosigranulum, Gemella, Helcococcus, Pediococcus, and Tetragenococcus) are differentiated from the Aerococcus species by a combination of phenotypic characteristics (9). Prior to 1992, only a single species, Aerococcus viridans, was included in the genus. Since 1992, four additional species have been described: Aerococcus urinae, Aerococcus sanguinicola, Aerococcus christensenii, and Aerococcus urinaehominis. Prior to the description of the new species, Aerococcus viridans was the only non-chain-forming GPC that was pyrrolidonylarylamidase (PYR) positive and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) n...

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confidence: 75%

“…Penicillin resistance among strains of A. viridans has been reported (2,4,24). In an earlier study in this laboratory, it was found that nearly half the cultures of A. viridans were either highly or intermediately resistant to penicillin (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Description and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola Isolates from Human Clinical Samples

Facklam

Lovgren²,

Shewmaker

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Aerococcus urinae is the most common aerococcal species isolated in IE [6,7,8] whereas Aerococcus sanguinicola is more rarely encountered [9,10]. Aerococcus viridans was the first aerococcal species to be identified but is a rare cause of human infections [2,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with A. urinae IE are typically older males with underlying urinary tract diseases [2,6,7,8,17]. Of four described cases of IE with A. sanguinicola, one fatality was reported [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and microbiological features of infective endocarditis caused by aerococci

et al. 2015

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Aerococci are increasingly recognized as causative agents in human infective endocarditis (IE). Information on the clinical presentation and the prognosis of IE caused by aerococci is limited. We employed the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE) to identify cases of aerococcal IE. The medical records were analysed and comparisons with cases of IE caused by other pathogens reported to the SRIE were made. Available bacterial isolates were reanalysed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and the aetiology was confirmed to be Aerococcus urinae in fourteen cases and Aerococcus sanguinicola in two cases. The bacteria were sensitive to penicillin and Etest-based synergy testing and time-kill experiments suggested synergy between penicillin and gentamicin towards some isolates. The patients had a median age of 79 years, which was significantly higher than that of patients with IE caused by streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus. Most patients with IE caused by aerococci had underlying urinary tract diseases and many presented with symptoms suggesting a urinary tract focus of the infection. Despite the fact that many patients with aerococcal IE presented with severe sepsis, ICU treatment was needed only in one patient and there was no fatality. Valve exchange surgery was needed in four of sixteen patients with aerococcal IE and embolization was seen in three patients. This report is by far the largest on aerococcal IE and suggests that the prognosis of aerococcal IE is relatively favourable despite the fact that the patients are old and have significant comorbidities.

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“…Christensen et al, 1989Christensen et al, , 1991Christensen et al, , 1995 and two additional members of the Aerococcus genus, Aerococcus urinae (Aguirre & Collins, 1992) and Aerococcus christensenii (Collins et al, 1999) have been described. A. urinae has been isolated from urine of elderly persons suffering from urinary tract infections and from blood of patients with endocarditis and urosepticaemia (Christensen et al, 1991(Christensen et al, , 1995Facklam & Elliott, 1995), whereas A. christensenii has been recovered from the human vagina (Collins et al, 1999). In the course of a continuing study of problematic Gram-positive catalase-negative organisms from human sources, we have characterized a hitherto un- known Aerococcus-like bacterium from urine that does not correspond to any of the currently described species of the genus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aerococcus urinaehominis sp. nov., isolated from human urine.

Lawson¹,

Falsen²,

Ohlén³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Bacteremia/Septicemia Due to Aerococcus-Like Organisms: Report of Seventeen Cases

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

Phenotypic Description and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola Isolates from Human Clinical Samples

Phenotypic Description and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola Isolates from Human Clinical Samples

Clinical and microbiological features of infective endocarditis caused by aerococci

Aerococcus urinaehominis sp. nov., isolated from human urine.

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