Bacteremia With Streptococcus pneumoniae

Plouffe, Joseph F.; Breiman, Robert F.; Facklam, Richard R.; Baird, Ian M.; Barnishan, Jean; Porterfield-Baxa, Jill; Best, Michelle; Dalieh, Sadi; Emerick, Jane; Fass, Robert J.; Gianakopoulos, George; Hackman, B; Hadley, Susan; Herbert, Mark; Koletar, Susan L.; Maher, William E.; Minor, Janet A.; Oglevee, Beth A.; Para, Michael F.; Parsons, James L.; Rogers, T. Michael; Scott-Tibbs, Gloria; Tumbleson, Cathy S.

doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530270034028

Cited by 183 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The first difference is the high frequency of bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients. In the prospective study of PLOUFFE et al [64], the relative risk of pneumococcal bacteraemia among HIV-infected persons was 41.8 times that of controls aged 18-64 yrs. A similar increase in the incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia was observed by GILKS 30s et al [65] in Africa.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Management Of Lower Resmentioning

confidence: 90%

Pyogenic bacterial lower respiratory tract infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Mayaud

Parrot²,

Cadranel³

2002

Eur Respir J

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In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, bacterial lower respiratory tract infections are the most frequent respiratory diseases. They are frequently the first clinical manifestation of HIV infection.The incidence and severity of bacterial lower respiratory tract infections increase with the degree of immunosuppression. At the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage, the responsible bacteria and clinical presentation may be atypical. Bacterial pneumonia may be fatal, particularly in AIDS patients, and its occurrence is predictive of a reduced survival time.Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended in patients with a CD4 T‐lymphocyte count of >200 cells·mm−3and cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) in patients with a CD4 T‐lymphocyte count of <200 cells·mm−3. Unfortunately, such prophylaxis remains insufficiently prescribed and its protective effect is limited.Highly active antiretroviral treatment has dramatically reduced the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection due toPseudomonasaeruginosaand opportunistic bacteria. In contrast, successful highly active antiretroviral therapy slightly decreased the risk of bacterial pneumonia due to usual bacteria, even in patients on successful highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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Section: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Management Of Lower Resmentioning

confidence: 90%

Pyogenic bacterial lower respiratory tract infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Mayaud

Parrot²,

Cadranel³

2002

Eur Respir J

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“…There were no differences in white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, or height of fever between the lowest and highest decile groups. Ninety percent of blood cultures yielding S. pneumoniae are noted positive within 14 h, and no clinical or laboratory parameters accurately predicted early versus late growth of S. pneumoniae in blood culture.Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacteremia in young febrile children [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Although some children recover from this infection without complications, others develop sequelae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Time to Positivity of Blood Cultures for Children withStreptococcus pneumoniaeBacteremia

Neuman

Harper

2001

CLIN INFECT DIS

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We report on a 3-year (1 January 1996 through 31 December 1999) retrospective chart review of children with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia to identify the time to identification of growth of S. pneumoniae in blood culture and to attempt to identify clinical predictors of early versus late growth of S. pneumoniae in culture. The time to detection of S. pneumoniae in blood culture for immunocompetent patients ranged from 4.4 to 25.9 hours (h), with a mean of 11.5 h (standard deviation, 2.8). There was no difference in the time to detection for immunocompromised versus immunocompetent patients. The 10th and 90th deciles for time to detection among immunocompetent patients were 9.2 and 14.0 h, respectively. There were no differences in white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, or height of fever between the lowest and highest decile groups. Ninety percent of blood cultures yielding S. pneumoniae are noted positive within 14 h, and no clinical or laboratory parameters accurately predicted early versus late growth of S. pneumoniae in blood culture.

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“…Topical immunotherapy is a promising approach for epithelial infections (27,29), particularly for pulmonary infections (22,23,24). In this study, intranasal administration of IVIG was effective against pneumonia induced by various lethal pneumococcal inocula of 10 to 1,000 times the LD 50 but did not significantly neutralize bacteremia, which is the major threat in pneumococcal infections (13,20), probably due to the short lifetime of IVIG in the lungs after intranasal administration. Indeed, S. pneumoniae Pn4241 antibody titer in IVIG was low, but an ELISA does not assess antibacterial efficacy which involves not only antibody binding to surface epitopes but also complement activation and opsonophagocytosis (16,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Effective Combination Therapy for Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Ampicillin and Intravenous Immunoglobulins in a Mouse Model

Hennezel¹,

Ramisse²,

Binder

et al. 2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Bacteremia With Streptococcus pneumoniae

Cited by 183 publications

References 22 publications

Pyogenic bacterial lower respiratory tract infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Pyogenic bacterial lower respiratory tract infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Time to Positivity of Blood Cultures for Children withStreptococcus pneumoniaeBacteremia

Effective Combination Therapy for Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Ampicillin and Intravenous Immunoglobulins in a Mouse Model

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