Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Adults

Prognostic score systems and community-acquired bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia

“…In contrast, case-fatality rates in studies of IPD from other centres, both inside and outside Sweden, have varied considerably, from ,3 to 25%, or higher [10,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. These varying case-fatality rates are likely to be due to differences between study populations concerning demographics, underlying health characteristics or severity of illness on admission to hospital [12,13].…”

HIV-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia

“…One area that has been particularly controversial, both in all cause CAP and specifically in pneumococcal pneumonia is whether the outcome is worse in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected persons [1]. While some studies have suggested that the outcome is no different [1,78,79], more recent studies in both allcause CAP and pneumococcal pneumonia have suggested that the mortality of CAP is higher in HIV-infected patients [1,35,69,82]. In one of these studies, which was in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia, when cases were stratified according to age and severity of illness, HIV infected patients had a higher mortality with a significant trend for increasing mortality in those with lower CD4 cell counts [35,69].…”

Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Disease

“…In TB endemic areas TB is a common cause of acute community acquired pneumonia and should always be screened for in all patients presenting with this condition. Persons living with HIV are at increased risk of pneumococcal bacteraemia associated with community acquired pneumonia 139,140,141 . However the impact of the bacteraemia on survival appears to be uncertain with some studies suggesting there is no increase in the risk of mortality while others have found an association between pneumococcal bacteraemia and mortality from community acquired pneumonia 142,154,155 .…”