Bacteria and antibiotic resistance detection in fractures of wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain

Tardón, A.; Bataller, Esther; Llobat, Lola; Jiménez-Trigos, E.

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101575

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Animals, with their feces, may represent sources of enterococcal infection for humans, but they act as a “source of antimicrobial resistance genes,” too [ 26 ]. MDR and XDR enterococci are generally involved in human nosocomial infections [ 27 ]; in recent years, Enterococcus strains with these resistant phenotypes are frequently detected in wild animals, too, with percentages similar to our investigation [ 25 , 28 , 29 ]. Wildlife could represent the reservoir and a possible source of these bacteria, which are very hazardous to treat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Enterococci, which are usually present in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, were isolated from the feces of all examined birds. E. faecium was the most frequently identified species, whereas the recent literature reports E. faecalis as the predominant enterococcal species in wild avifauna [ 12 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, E. faecium has been most frequently detected in synanthropic birds and raptors, whereas 83% of E. faecalis isolates have been cultured from aquatic birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy

et al. 2022

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Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens, part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals, able to acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of wild avifauna as a source of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci. To assess this purpose, 103 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from the feces of wild birds of different species; they were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 21 molecules, vancomycin resistance, and high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR). Furthermore, genes responsible for vancomycin, tetracycline, and HLAR were searched. E. faecium was the most frequently detected species (60.20% of isolates), followed by E. faecalis (34.95% of isolates). Overall, 99.02% of the isolated enterococci were classified as multidrug-resistant, with 19.41% extensively drug-resistant, and 2.91% possible pan drug-resistant strains. Most of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.67%) and ampicillin (75.73%), with only 5.83% of isolates showing an ampicillin MIC ≥ 64 mg/L. HLAR was detected in 35.92% of isolates, mainly associated with the genes ant(6)-Ia and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′’)-Ia. Few strains (4.85%) were resistant to vancomycin, and the genes vanA and vanB were not detected. A percentage of 54.37% of isolates showed resistance to tetracycline; tet(M) was the most frequently detected gene in these strains. Wild birds may contribute to the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci, which can affect other animals and humans. Constant monitoring is essential to face up to the evolving antimicrobial resistance issue, and monitoring programs should include wild avifauna, too.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy

et al. 2022

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“…Detection of TGC-resistant Salmonella is rare [68], but Bertelloni et al [66] observed 93.1% of isolates resistant to this antimicrobial in captive reptiles. Therefore, the control of MDR strains upon entry of new animals into wildlife nuclei must be very stringent to prevent their spread among individuals and the environment and to avoid future therapeutic failures [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella in Chelonians: Assessing Its Potential Risk in Zoological Institutions in Spain

Marín

Martín-Maldonado

Cerdà‐Cuéllar

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Salmonella is mostly noted as a food-borne pathogen, but contact with chelonians has also been reported as a source of infection. Moreover, high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been reported in Salmonella isolated from wild and captive reptiles. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Salmonella AMR carriage by chelonians admitted to two zoological institutions in Spain, characterizing the isolates to assess the Salmonella AMR epidemiology in wildlife. To this end, 152 chelonians from nine species were sampled upon their arrival at the zoological nuclei. Salmonella identification was based on ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D), isolates were serotyped and their AMR analysed according to the EU Decision 2013/652. Moreover, the genetic relationship of the isolates was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results showed 19% (29/152) of the chelonians positive to Salmonella, all of them tortoises. For all isolates, 69% (20/29) were resistant and 34% (10/29) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. PFGE clustered isolates according to the serovar, confirming a low genetic diversity. In conclusion, this study shows a high presence of MDR Salmonella strains in tortoises at their entry into zoological nuclei. This condition highlights the need to establish Salmonella detection protocols for the entry of animals into these centres.

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“…A variety of pathogens that are transmissible to humans or domestic animals, such as salmonella, shigella, and Campylobacter jejuni, can be found in free-living wild birds like the migratory birds that play an important role as long-distance vectors [1,2]. The wild birds usually stay together in different broad groups and might have a role in Campylobacter jejuni infection in both humans and domestic animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Birds as Possible Source of Campylobacter jejuni

Mohamed

2021

APDV

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Wild birds are reported to be frequently infected with Campylobacter jejuni. It is well recognized that Campylobacter jejuni is one of the main causes of gastroenteritis in humans, and poultry meat is reported to be the main source. Many studies had shown the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in animal farms in particular poultry farms and animal products. Wild birds were observed in abundance at marketplaces, residential areas, and farms. It was reported that wild birds may harbor and transmit Campylobacter jejuni to farm animals and residential areas. This review simply describes the possibility of wild birds spreading Campylobacter jejuni in the environment.

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Bacteria and antibiotic resistance detection in fractures of wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain

Cited by 13 publications

References 82 publications

Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy

Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy

Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella in Chelonians: Assessing Its Potential Risk in Zoological Institutions in Spain

Wild Birds as Possible Source of Campylobacter jejuni

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