Bacteria and Fungi Identified on Horseshoe Crabs, Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in the Laboratory

Faizul, Mohamad; Eng, H. T.; Christianus, Annie; Abdelhadi, Yasser Mohamed

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19542-1_17

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There were two types of infection detected infesting the eggs during the incubation period: (i) bacteria and (ii) fungus (Figure 9). Bacterial infection can be determined by the presence of reddish colour followed by increase in size during the incubation period, while fungus infection can be determined by the presence of whitish mould that will later turn to green or black (Faizul et al, 2015). In this study, most of the infected eggs were caused by the once unfertilized and would further be infected as soon as day-two in the incubator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Nonetheless, the infections from the bacteria and fungus remain the common issue and concern that happened to horseshoe crab eggs during the incubation period that could cease the eggs from developing. According to Faizul et al, (2015), four species of bacteria (Shewanella putrefaciens, Enteroccus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, and Corynebacterium sp. ), and fungi (Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Peniclillium sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infected eggs with bacteria and fungus were discarded promptly and recorded. The identification of the infected eggs was conducted according to Faizul et al, (2015). The unfertilised eggs were initially determined by the colour.…”

Section: Eggs Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horseshoe Crab and Its Spawning Ground Condition in Johor Lama, Johor

Razak

Kassim

Wahab

et al. 2022

MJS

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This study was conducted at horseshoe crab’s natural spawning ground in Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia (1°35'00"N 104°00'49"E). Six nests were excavated on 4 August 2020, four hours after the highest tide. Conditions of the spawning site were observed and recorded. Grain size analysis was conducted. Eggs hatching rate, larvae moulting rate, infection rate, and larvae abnormality rate were recorded. There are two types of reclamation observed in Johor Lama: (i) concrete wall and (ii) stack of boulders. Mangrove and muddy areas in Johor Lama are still preserved and in good condition. Sand in the horseshoe crab spawning beach in Johor Lama was coarser and poorly sorted ( : 0.09± 0.01 cm; : 1.89 ± 0.03) as compared to the one in Balok, Pahang (mid-tide mark, August 2012: : 2.38 ± 0.04 cm; : 0.86 ± 0.04). The quantity of the eggs inside each nest in Johor Lama was also in accordance with the other previous studies (first nest n: 256, second nest n: 229, third nest n: 132, fourth nest n: 123, fifth nest n: 149, sixth nest n: 134). However, the hatching rates of each sample in this population were observed to be lower than the others previously studied (31.8% – 66.1%). Two types of larvae abnormalities were reported in this study: (i) genetic impairment that changed the basic Xiphosura’s body plan and (ii) external factor that caused by the impact of the substrate or predatory action that would distort the shape of the juvenile exoskeleton. Based on the observation, the natural ecosystem in Johor Lama is still in good preservation, since it is far from urbanisation and has less deforestation. However, the future of this spawning site is still in doubt, since many ports and industrials zones are located on the opposite side of the river in Johor Bahru district that could lead to the worst water pollution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horseshoe Crab and Its Spawning Ground Condition in Johor Lama, Johor

Razak

Kassim

Wahab

et al. 2022

MJS

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“…Records ( Chatterji (1999) (2), (1), Chiu and Morton (2003) (2), Dao et al (2009) (1), Faizul et al (2015) (1), Faurby et al (2011) (3), Fusetani et al (1982) (1), GBIF (11), Hong (2004) (1), Jeffries et al (1989) (1), Key et al (1996) (1), Kungsuwan et al (1987) (3), Lee and Morton (2005) (1), Ngy et al (2007) Tachypleus tridentatus 81 (55) Almendral and Schoppe (2005) (1), Botton et al (1996) (2), Cai et al (2015) (1), Chatterji and Pati (2014) (1), Chiu and Morton (2003) (5), Chiu and Morton (2004) (1), GBIF (6), Hsieh and Chen (2009) model (Lyard et al, 2006) with improvements regarding longer altimeter time series, more accurate ocean bathymetry, major non-linear tides, and more accurate tidal currents. It includes overall 32 tidal constituents distributed on 1/16 • grids (amplitude and phase), corresponding to 3.75 arc-minutes (Carrère et al, 2012).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation

et al. 2018

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Conservation of horseshoe crabs has recently received increasing attention as several populations are in decline. However, scarce information on their distributions in Southeast Asia is impairing conservation efforts. In this study, we sought to improve our understanding of the geographical range and distinct populations of the three Asian horseshoe crabs species in order to identify optimal conservation areas. We mapped the geographic range of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus gigas, and T. tridentatus using recent data from field work, literature, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and unpublished data from our scientific network. The data were correlated with 23 different environmental variables of potential ecological importance for horseshoe crabs using the openModeller webservices, including new tidal variables. Ecological niche models were generated using two algorithms, Maximum Entropy and support vector machine, for the three species under present conditions, and projected into a climate change scenario of 2050. The niches of the Asian horseshoe crabs were mostly determined by tidal regime, chlorophyll A concentrations, depth, distance to land, and sea surface temperature. According to our predictions, horseshoe crabs in Southeast Asia are not expected to experience any severe change in extent and distribution of suitable habitat in the future. In order to conserve Asian horseshoe crabs, we suggest establishing Marine Protected Areas at locations where distinct populations and several species occur, such as northern Vietnam, China, Borneo, and southern Japan.

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Tri-Spine Horseshoe Crab Aquaculture, Ranching and Stock Enhancement: Perspectives and Challenges

Bai

Xie

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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As a well-known example of “living fossil,” horseshoe crabs are ecologically significant macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. The tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, has been widely utilized for Tachypleus amebocyte lysate production and food consumption since the 1980s, which led to considerable population declines along the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. The declining horseshoe crab population is expected to have ecological and social impacts. Stock enhancement through captive rearing of juveniles is cited as an important alternative to repopulate the native T. tridentatus, which in turn supports sustainable resource utilization and research activities. The hatchery production techniques for this species have gradually developed following the mass culture efforts in Japan since the late 1980s. However, the previous studies have primarily concerned the feed types and husbandry conditions to maximize the growth and survival of the juveniles. Little is known about the practicability and effectiveness of releasing large numbers of hatchery-bred individuals through releasing programs. In this review, we (1) summarize the available captive breeding and rearing techniques, (2) discuss the release strategies that could potentially improve the survival of released juveniles, and (3) identify the future opportunities and challenges in establishing technical frameworks to support responsible stock enhancement programs for T. tridentatus. The information should benefit future horseshoe crab fisheries management efforts in the attempt to restore the severely depleted populations.

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Bacteria and Fungi Identified on Horseshoe Crabs, Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in the Laboratory

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Horseshoe Crab and Its Spawning Ground Condition in Johor Lama, Johor

Horseshoe Crab and Its Spawning Ground Condition in Johor Lama, Johor

Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation

Tri-Spine Horseshoe Crab Aquaculture, Ranching and Stock Enhancement: Perspectives and Challenges

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