BACTERIA AND qTIOLOGY OF CANCER OF LARGE BOWEL

Hill, Michael J.; Drašar, B. S.; Hawksworth, Gabrielle; Aries, Vivienne; Crowther, J. S.; Williams, R. E. O.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)90837-3

Cited by 584 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There seems to be a significant reduction in the cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid pool in rats given an olive oil diet 27. In discussing the role of meat in CRC development, Owen and Hill have suggested that meat, too, may influence deoxycholic acid5 6 with higher levels of faecal bile acid in populations with a normal western mixed diet. Increases in faecal steroid levels seem to be associated with higher mucosal proliferation rates or colonic adenomas 28-30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive oil, diet and colorectal cancer: an ecological study and a hypothesis

Stoneham

Goldacre²,

Seagroatt³

et al. 2000

Journal of Epidemiology &Amp; Community Health

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Studyobjectives-Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in many western countries and is probably caused in part by dietary factors. Southern European countries have lower incidence rates of CRC than many other western countries. It was postulated that, because olive oil is thought to influence bile salt secretion patterns in rats, it may influence the occurrence of CRC. The purpose of this study was to compare national levels of dietary factors, with particular reference to olive oil, with national diVerences in CRC incidence. Design-Ecological study using existing international databases. Incidence rates for CRC, food supply data, and olive oil consumption data were extracted from published sources, combined, and analysed to calculate the correlations between CRC and 10 dietary factors. Associations were then explored using stepwise multiple regression. Setting-28 countries from four continents. Main results-76% of the intercountry variation in CRC incidence rates was explained by three significant dietary factors-meat, fish and olive oil-in combination. Meat and fish were positively associated, and olive oil was negatively associated, with CRC incidence. Conclusion-Olive oil may have a protective eVect on the development of CRC. The proposed hypothesis is that olive oil may influence secondary bile acid patterns in the colon that, in turn, might influence polyamine metabolism in colonic enterocytes in ways that reduce progression from normal mucosa to adenoma and carcinoma. (J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:756-760) Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in many western societies.1 2 The role of dietary factors in the development of CRC has long been recognised, and extensively studied, although the results are not clearcut. [1][2][3] CRC incidence is particularly high in countries with high meat consumption, for example, Australia and the United States. Mediterranean countries have lower rates than other western countries, which may rise on migration.1 2 It has been suggested that their low rates may be attributable to some extent to their diet, with their high consumption of fruit, vegetables and olive oil. There is some evidence that high concentrations of secondary bile acids are associated with increased risk of CRC.5 6 Reduced colonic transit time has been suggested as important in the aetiology of CRC.7 Dietary factors-including meat, fat, cereal, vegetables, fruit, milk and olive oilinfluence colonic transit time and the volume of secondary bile acids in the colon. We have carried out an ecological study in which the association of dietary factors with CRC, and their interrelations, were examined. Our study diVers from other ecological studies, such as Armstrong and Doll, 3 as we have included data on olive oil, which features significantly in the diet of southern European countries, 8 and has been suggested as an important regulator of cancer in these countries. 4 9-12 We also suggest a possible mechanism for the eVect of diet on CRC. Method DATA SOURCESThe data were extract...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive oil, diet and colorectal cancer: an ecological study and a hypothesis

Stoneham

Goldacre²,

Seagroatt³

et al. 2000

Journal of Epidemiology &Amp; Community Health

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“…Increased numbers of Bacteroides have been associated with increased risk of colon cancer in humans. 42,43 In another study, lecithinase-negative Clostridium and Lactobacillus were more abundant in colon cancer patients. 44 Some Lactobacillus species and Eubacteriumaerofaciens have been associated with a reduced risk.…”

Section: The Large Intestinementioning

confidence: 97%

Gastrointestinal cancer

Heavey¹,

Rowland²

2004

Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology

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“…There is increasing interest in the possibility that fibredepleted foods (especially white flour and sugar) are concerned in the causation of various diseases of modern civilization (Cleave et al, 1969;Burkitt, 1971Burkitt, , 1973 (Burkitt, 1971;Hill et al, 1971;Heatcn, 1972). Burkitt (1971) claimed thait degradation of bile salts is favoured by a low-residue, fibredepleted diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Bile Salt Metabolism by Dietary Fibre (Bran)

Pomare¹,

Heaton²

1973

BMJ

120

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sackie or related virus infections other seasonal factors or combinations of factors must be responsible, and these may be viral, non-viral, or both. In this case the role of Coxsackie virus would appear to be that of an initiating factor, producing subclinical islet cell damage in patients in whom diabetes is subsequently precipitated by other seasonal factors. The results of our antibody studies throw little light on this problem as neither the present study nor our previous results indicate when Coxsackie virus infection occurred in relation to the onset of diabetes.If viruses do induce diabetes in man, the question arises as to what proportion of the total incidence of diabetes is associated with Coxsackie virus infection. There are at present few indications that maturity-onset diabetes is associated with viral infection, but in our previous investigations (Gamble et al., 1969) we found higher Coxsackie B4 virus antibody titres in non-insulin-dependent diabetics of acute onset than in controls. The numbers were too small for a significant difference to be found but the difference was of the same order as that found in the insulin-dependent diabetics and this type of patient merits further study. Of insulin-dependent diabetes, our results suggest that a substantial proportion may be associated with Coxsackie B virus infection and, if this is so, a search for a viral aetiology in the remainder would clearly be indicated. The numbers studied to date have been too small to show whether other members of the Coxsackie B groups are implicated but it is unlikely that they could account for many cases without it being apparent from our results. Other picornaviruses are obvious candidates, particularly in cases occurring in autumn, in whom we found no excess of Coxsackie virus antibodies.Mumps virus is not, however, a member of the picorna group and the possibility that other groups of virus may be involved should not be overlooked, particularly in younger children.We gratefully acknowledge the help we have received from the many physicians who have provided information and specimens from their patients for this study. Our 'ournal, 1973, 4, 262-264 Summary Feeding dietary fibre in the form of bran induced changes in bile salt metabolism in five people with intact gall bladders. There was evidence of reduced dehydroxylation of bile salts; the proportion of deoxycholate conjugates in bile was reduced and the transfer of radioactivity from labelled taurocholate to deoxycholate was decreased. These findings, which were independent of changes in intestinal transit rate, imply that bran reduced the degradation of bile salts by colonic bacteria. This property of bran accords with recent theories that fibre-depleted diets favour the degradation of bile salts in the colon. These findings may be relevant to the aetiology of large bowel cancer.

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BACTERIA AND qTIOLOGY OF CANCER OF LARGE BOWEL

Cited by 584 publications

References 12 publications

Olive oil, diet and colorectal cancer: an ecological study and a hypothesis

Olive oil, diet and colorectal cancer: an ecological study and a hypothesis

Gastrointestinal cancer

Alteration of Bile Salt Metabolism by Dietary Fibre (Bran)

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