Bacteria as tumor therapeutics?

Oelschlaeger, Tobias A.

doi:10.4161/bbug.1.2.11248

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In 1868, Busch was the first to intentionally infect a cancer patient with erysipelas and he noticed shrinkage of the malignancy. Fehleisen [12] repeated this treatment in 1882 and he also eventually identified Streptococcus pyogenes as the causative agent of erysipelas [12,13] . In 1891, an American surgeon, William Coley, of the Bone Tumor Service at Memorial Hospital in New York, followed up on his own independent observation of a long-term regression of a sarcoma after an erysipelas infection by starting a 43-year-old project involving the injection of heatinactivated bacteria ("Coley's toxins") into patients with inoperable cancers [14] .…”

Section: History Of Our Knowledge Of the Immune System's Role In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead

Oiseth¹,

Aziz²

2017

JCMT

275

199

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The knowledge that the body possesses natural defenses to combat cancer existed long before the modern period, with multiple anecdotal reports of tumors miraculously disappearing, sometimes spontaneously or after a febrile or infectious episode. Spontaneous tumor regression of untreated malignant tumors is currently a well-accepted albeit rare phenomenon, and it is recognized that immunosuppression is associated with a higher cancer risk. The treatment of bladder carcinoma by intravesical administration of live attenuated Bacillus CalmetteGuérin bacteria was shown to be very effective in 1976 and is now standard treatment. Effective immunity against cancer involves complex interactions between the tumor, the host, and the environment. Cancer immunotherapy uses various strategies to augment tumor immunity and represents a paradigm shift in treating cancer, since attention has become more focused on the "biologic passport" of the individual tumor rather than the site of origin of the tumor. The different types of cancer immunotherapies discussed here include biologic modifiers, such as cytokines and vaccines, adoptive cell therapies, oncolytic viruses, and antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as the co-inhibitory T-cell receptor PD-1 and one of its ligands, programmed death-ligand 1. Key words:Cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1, programmed death-ligand 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, history of cancer immunology ABSTRACTArticle history:

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Section: History Of Our Knowledge Of the Immune System's Role In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead

Oiseth¹,

Aziz²

2017

JCMT

275

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From their observations, all three had the same idea: exposing their cancer patients to the infectious agent. At that time, Busch ignored that erysipelas was an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Fehleisen would describe this later [3]) which resulted in the death of his first patient due to the infection despite the Alone or in combination with chemotherapy. 2 In combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.…”

Section: Prechemotherapeutic Era: the First Association Between Mycobmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coley was the first one who systematically exposed their patients to infectious agents; he treated more than 1000 patients. The combination of the bacterial products of S. pyogenes and Serratia marcescens became the well-known Coley's toxins [3]. Although the efficacy of Coley's toxins became later controversial, nowadays it is correctly considered based on an immunotherapeutic effect [4].…”

Section: Mycobacterium -Research and Development 306mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria-Derived Agents for the Treatment of Urological and Renal Cancers

Noguera-Ortega¹,

Julián²

2018

Mycobacterium - Research and Development

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Mycobacteria are the unique group of bacteria that are currently used in antitumoral immunotherapy. Specifically, intravesical instillation of viable cells of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), after transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, is the most efficacious treatment for avoiding recurrence and progression of the disease. BCG has been used for the last 35 years for bladder cancer treatment, but other mycobacteria or mycobacteria components are currently under preclinical and clinical studies for the immunotherapeutic treatment of non-invasive bladder cancer and also of other types of tumors located at the urinary system. Those are, for instance, cell wall extracts or heat-killed forms from BCG or other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium phlei or Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) or even viable cells from non-pathogenic mycobacteria such us Mycobacterium brumae. A review of the literature in which mycobacteria components, non-viable mycobacteria, and viable mycobacteria have been used for these different cancers will be performed. In this chapter, the function of mycobacteria as antitumor agents will be then analyzed, awarding the audience a broad knowledge of one of the beneficial applications of mycobacteria, which are usually introduced as dangerous microorganisms.

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“…One barrier to the delivery of conventional anti-cancer drugs is the irregular organization of blood vessels within the tumor tissue that often leads to the development of hypoxic and/or necrotic regions [1]. Interestingly, this niche has also been shown to be favorable for the growth of obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria [2, 3], which could be exploited for the development of new anti-tumor therapies based on attenuated bacterial vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to limited accessibility, necrotic/hypoxic areas in the tumor tissue are major barriers to many currently available anticancer treatments [3, 7]. The high bacterial selectivity for precisely these areas could lead to an increased anti-tumor efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid tumors provide niche-specific conditions that lead to preferential growth of Salmonella

et al. 2016

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Therapeutic attenuated strains of Salmonella Typhimurium target and eradicate tumors in mouse models. However, the mechanism of S. Typhimurium for tumor targeting is still poorly understood. We performed a high-throughput screening of single-gene deletion mutants of S. Typhimurium in an orthotopic, syngeneic murine mammary model of breast cancer. The mutants under selection in this system were classified into functional categories to identify bacterial processes involved in Salmonella accumulation within tumors. Niche-specific genes involved in preferential tumor colonization were identified and exemplars were confirmed by competitive infection assays. Our results show that the chemotaxis gene cheY and the motility genes motAB confer an advantage for colonization of Salmonella within orthotopic syngeneic breast tumors. In addition, eutC, a gene belonging to the ethanolamine metabolic pathway, also confers an advantage for Salmonella within tumors, perhaps by exploiting either ethanolamine or an alternative nutrient in the inflamed tumor environment.

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Bacteria as tumor therapeutics?

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead

Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead

Mycobacteria-Derived Agents for the Treatment of Urological and Renal Cancers

Solid tumors provide niche-specific conditions that lead to preferential growth of Salmonella

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