Bacteria Associated With The Screwworm Fly [Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Coquerel)] And Their Metabolites

Bromel, Mary; Duh, F. M.; Erdmann, Gary R.; Hammack, Leslie; Gassner, George

doi:10.1515/9783110841237-083

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…were reported earlier from various stages of screwworm, these species were never tested for their effectiveness to produce attractive volatiles for screwworm oviposition (Bromel et al 1983). Interestingly, Bromel et al (1983) reported a Serratia sp. isolated from screwworm eggs; this suggests a possible relationship with oviposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reported that a combination of Bacillus species stimulated greater oviposition from gravid females than did Proteus or a combination of Bacillus and Proteus species (Eddy et al 1975). Bromel et al 1983 isolated several species of bacteria from various stages Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing speciÞc information and does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1 USDAÐARS, Screwworm Research Unit, Panama City, Panama.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Volatiles Emitted From Eight Wound-Isolated Bacteria Differentially Attract Gravid Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Oviposit

Chaudhury¹,

Skoda²,

Sagel³

et al. 2010

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Bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm [Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]-infested animal wounds was tested as an attractant for oviposition for gravid screwworms. Eight species of gram-negative coliform (Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria mixed with bovine blood singly or all species combined and incubated for various times produced volatiles that attracted gravid flies in a cage bioassay in varying numbers. In 15-min duration tests, volatiles from five species of bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, and Providencia stuartii) attracted more females than volatiles of the three species (Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, and Serratia liquefaciens). In 1-h duration oviposition tests, volatiles from the substrate using the same five species of bacteria attracted more females to oviposit than the other three species. Volatiles from 24-h incubation period elicited least attraction and oviposition whereas volatiles from the 48- and 72-h incubation period resulted in significantly more attraction and oviposition. Attraction and oviposition decreased significantly when the substrates were incubated for 96 h. Volatiles from substrate with all species of bacteria combined attracted a significantly higher percentage of flies to land and oviposit than those from substrates prepared with single species. It is possible that multiple active chemicals present in volatiles of the all-species substrate may act as synergists resulting in greater response than those observed with volatiles from single-species substrate. Before oviposition flies took a bloodmeal from the oviposition substrate. It is possible that the oviposition is moderated by two different factors in screwworm-first, by using a chemical cue to land on a potential oviposition site and second, by using a bloodmeal to stimulate oviposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatiles Emitted From Eight Wound-Isolated Bacteria Differentially Attract Gravid Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Oviposit

Chaudhury¹,

Skoda²,

Sagel³

et al. 2010

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“…Infested wounds appear to release attractive odors that act as host-Þnding cues. Also, the woundÕs chemicals appear to play a role in stimulating oviposition (DeVaney et al 1970(DeVaney et al , 1973Eddy et al 1975;Bromel et al 1983;Hammack and Holt 1983;Hammack et al 1987;Hammack 1991). Gravid females are also attracted by odors from decomposing meat and liver (Bishopp 1937) and spent artiÞcial diet from larval rearing (Adams et al1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cultures of gram-negative bacteria associated with screwworms produce attractive odors and, therefore, bacterial contamination of oviposition substrates may be a prerequisite for screwworm activity. Fresh wounds, fresh liver, or sterile blood are not olfactorily attractive (DeVaney et al 1973, Eddy et al 1975, Bromel et al 1983, Hammack and Holt 1983, Hammack et al 1987. DeVaney et al (1973) and Eddy et al (1975) showed that the source of odors in incubated blood attractive to gravid screwworm ßies was bacteria and/or compounds produced by them.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These authors found Providencia rettgeri (Hadley, Elkins & Caldwell) cultures the most attractive of all the bacteria cultures tested. Bromel et al (1983) isolated several species of bacteria from screwworm egg masses, larvae, pupae, and from ßuids associated with screwworm-infested animal wounds and artiÞcial rearing medium. Their olfactometer studies indicated that the culture medium in which P. rettgeri was grown was attractive to gravid female ßies.…”

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Responses of Fertile and Sterile Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Flies to Bovine Blood Inoculated with Bacteria Originating from Screwworm-Infested Animal Wounds

2002

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A simple bioassay system was developed to study locomotory and ovipositional responses of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), flies to bovine blood inoculated with eight species of coliform bacteria that were isolated from screwworm-infested animal wounds. When exposed to odors from bacteria-inoculated blood which was incubated for 72 h at 37 degrees C, approximately 50% of 7- and 10-d-old gravid females landed on the blood by the end of 15 min test exposure. Only 17% of 7-d-old reproductively sterile females (from irradiated pupae) with previtellogenic ovaries and 2% of 4-d-old vitellogenic females responded to the same treatment. Females generally reacted in greatest numbers to bacteria-inoculated blood incubated for 72 h, followed by 48 h, then 24 and 96 h. Males of all ages tested were unresponsive. Although oviposition occurred in tests with gravid females lasting for 1 h, with both inoculated blood and an uninoculated control, the inoculated sample was significantly better than the control at 48, 72, and 96 h incubation duration. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that the inoculated blood, when incubated for 48-72 h, gives off volatile chemicals which attract gravid females and contains an oviposition stimulant that acts following contact and feeding. The volatiles, once isolated and identified, may be useful for sampling gravid females in the field as well as improving the oviposition system in the mass-production facility of the screwworm eradication program.

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Chemoecology of Insect Eggs and Egg Deposition

Hilker¹,

Meiners²

2003

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This is the first book to focus on insect eggs since the publication , in 1981, of Hinton's comprehensive but somewhat amorphous Biology of Insect Eggs, and the only book that has attempted to pull together aspects of the chemoecology of the eggs and oviposition. The first six chapters comprise the section on chemoecology of eggs. Here, I think, the editors have had to struggle to bring together appropriate work, and some of the chapters seem tangential to the topic. The most relevant are those of Gillott, and Eisner and colleagues. Gillott describes the female accessory glands and brings together information on the glandular origins of different chemical products associated with oviposition and the egg. The chapter by Eisner and colleagues brings together the various studies, mostly their own, on the chemicals passed in spermatophores to the female and which subsequently are found in the eggs. This is the first time such a review has been attempted and it is informative, readable and well illustrated. The chapter by Blum and Hilker on Chemical Protection of Eggs is also central to the topic, but suffers from the fact that much of it simply describes the compounds present in adults that are possibly also present in eggs. However, two tables list the compounds that are known to occur in or on eggs and the diversity of formulae is well illustrated. Perhaps it is still too soon to write a really satisfactory account of this topic. The first chapter, by Trougakos and Margaritis, gives a detailed account of egg morphology and egg morphogenesis in Dros-ophila, about which most is known, with reference to the eggs of other species where possible. The last two chapters of this section deal with Brood Protection in Social Insects, by Ayasse and Paxton, and the Role of Microorganisms for Eggs and Progeny, by Kellner. Both are interesting chapters although the information on eggs is almost incidental. The last seven chapters are devoted to the chemoecology of egg deposition. Whether egg deposition is different from oviposition never became clear to me, but that is trivial. Here there is no shortage of material. The first chapter, by Sta¨dlerSta¨dler, is a good survey of the role of plant chemical cues used by insects for locating and identifying host plants. It also includes a brief account of the sensory physiology involved in the perception of chemical cues. This is followed by a most interesting chapter by Hilker and her colleagues entitled The Plant's Response towards Insect Egg Deposition, including the induction of galls. Then comes a review by Anderson of oviposition marking phero-mones in herbivorous and carnivorous insects. Carnivorous, here, refers mainly to Hymenopteran parasitoids, but includes predaceous larvae of coccinellids and chrysopids. Subsequent chapters by McCall, and by Steidle and van Loon consider the chemoecology of oviposition site selection by insects of medical and veterinary importance and by parasitoids and predators, respectively. All these chapters are, rightly, largely descriptive and lack...

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Bacteria Associated With The Screwworm Fly [Cochliomyia Hominivorax (Coquerel)] And Their Metabolites

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Volatiles Emitted From Eight Wound-Isolated Bacteria Differentially Attract Gravid Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Oviposit

Volatiles Emitted From Eight Wound-Isolated Bacteria Differentially Attract Gravid Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Oviposit

Responses of Fertile and Sterile Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Flies to Bovine Blood Inoculated with Bacteria Originating from Screwworm-Infested Animal Wounds

Chemoecology of Insect Eggs and Egg Deposition

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